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Canadians often question whether they are getting value for their hardearned tax dollars. The government recognizes that quality service is important to its clients. Despite continued restraint and reduction, fostering a clientfocused Public Service is one of the key areas of public sector reform today.
The Service Standards Initiative is a key element of the government's quality services strategy. It aims to improve the quality of service delivery by making Canadians more aware of the wide array of government services and their associated costs, and by encouraging Public Service employees to focus on clients.
Canada is not alone in its commitment to quality service, service standards and public sector reform. The U.K., the U.S., France and many countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development also have service standards initiatives under way.
Service standards - a shortened form of the phrase "standards of service" - are more than service delivery targets such as waiting times and hours of operation. Canadians are entitled to know what they should expect from government, how services will be delivered, what services cost and what clients can do when services they receive are not acceptable. These standards should include:
Service standards provide a practical way to manage performance in an era of fiscal restraint and help shape the expectations Canadians have of government services. Experience suggests that services can be improved and delivered at reduced cost by
As an integral part of good management, service standards
Developing and implementing service standards leads to "cultural" change. Senior managers must be prepared to direct and support their employees through this change. The organization, while fulfilling its mandate, must focus on providing quality service to its clients. In this clientoriented culture, all unnecessary forms, rules and bureaucratic thinking should be eliminated.
The implementation of service standards may or may not involve a committee, but someone must be responsible for the initiative. This person or committee will help "steer" the organization through considerations such as:
While managers are expected to lead the change, all parts of the organization should be involved in developing service standards, and in finding solutions to problems discovered as a result of applying the standards. Frontline employees and internal service providers must be involved in the process. When everyone participates actively, there is no need to strive for a "buy-in."
- federal departments
- other governments
- private sector
- unions
- employees.
A number of resources and tools available can help you establish, implement and maintain service standards. Some resources target the needs of senior and operating managers, while others are directed at those involved in developing and updating service standards.
Examples of resources and tools include guides developed by the Treasury Board Secretariat (TBS), publications from other government and private sector sources, workshops presented by the Canadian Centre for Management Development, information on the Internet (http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca) about the TBS Innovation and Quality Exchange, and software packages for monitoring performance.
People can be an excellent resource. You can tap into a great deal of expertise by contacting people with experience with service standards in government agencies, foreign governments, TBS and the private sector.
The TBS "Innovation and Quality Exchange" on the Internet is constantly updated as departments provide accounts of their latest success stories. Current examples contain information in the following categories:
Innovative ways of defining and implementing the service standards to suit the requirements of various client groups involved the following key elements:
Further information on this subject may be obtained from departmental service standards contacts.
Monitoring is the process of keeping track of client expectations and operational factors and adjusting service delivery as appropriate. Knowing where clients stand and how they feel about quality services should be a key priority. It allows a department to modify policies and programs to improve service quality. Monitoring shows both clients and employees that the department is serious about assessing client satisfaction to measure its performance. Data on client service and satisfaction show employees the results of their efforts and help them focus on the essential purpose of the organization.
To design a monitoring system to collect information on the quality of service delivery, a department requires:
Departments should review their current internal and external monitoring procedures, including program evaluation, to determine which techniques will best capture information about client satisfaction and suggestions to improve service. The best monitoring system is one which parallels organizational structure and does not overburden senior management with unnecessary details, yet provides information for evaluation purposes that the public, ministers and senior management can understand.
Monitoring of complaints is also an important aspect of quality services. Departments should have clear complaintmanagement procedures and guidelines in place, including ones for assessing how well complaints have been handled.
In addition to monitoring service standards and service delivery, it is also essential to assess service on a larger scale. Taking a broader scope will ensure that service standards reflect the changing environment and will allow departments to make concerted improvements to the program as a whole. It will also lessen the likelihood of changes or improvements being made on a section-by-section basis, which may actually be counterproductive.
Continuous improvement requires ongoing assessment of both the results of performance monitoring, such as client and employee satisfaction, and the manner in which performance is monitored. This assessment must be done from the perspective of the sector directing the service, and must show how service standards and delivery reflect the mandate and mission of the sector and the department. It should make assessments in relation to both internal and external influences. Internal influences include clients, employees, policies and workload; external ones include clients, other departments, public interests, technology and private business. These assessments must be attached to a mechanism for implementing solutions or changes identified.
Some examples of activities which lead to continuous improvement include:
Getting broad participation in the process of developing and maintaining standards.
Reaching a common understanding of what constitutes a service or a client. Services may be direct or indirect, for instance, and clients may include the general public, industry or interest groups.
Communicating the purpose of the service standards initiative without sending out mixed messages.
Communicating the various elements of the service standard. Various means of communication are available, including reports, statements, scientific and trade publications, presentations and the Internet. When will clients have access to service standard information? How often will information about standards be provided?
Costing the service. How do you account for all cash and non-cash costs? How do you select and present costing information so that the cost of similar services can be compared?
Determining the level for which the service standard is to be developed - project, activity, program, institution, service or departmental level.
Making standards consistent across an organization, and across various regions.
Integrating existing standards, guidelines and protocols - such as ISO and CSA standards, associations guidelines and scientific peer review requirements - into government service standards.
Balancing the need to set ambitious and motivational standards with the need to set safe and achievable standards.
Writing a service standard that does not create unwanted legal liability in areas such as revenue generation, intellectual property (R&D) and competition with the private sector.