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Section 2: Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome

2.1 Canadian Space Agency Strategic Outcome

All CSA Program Activities contribute to a single strategic outcome: Canada's exploration of space, provision of space services and development of its space capacity meet the nation's needs for scientific knowledge, innovation and information.

Strategic Outcome Measurement Challenges

The CSA realizes that benefits from Science and Technology (S&T) programs are not easily measurable because of the indirect nature of research impacts, the increment nature of research results from the world-wide knowledge base and the 5 to 10 year timeframe needed to assess such impacts. However, in order to overcome this challenge, the CSA initiated a process to document all space-related projects undertaken by the members of the Federal Science and Technology Community. This initiative aims at aligning the measurement, reporting and evaluation of federal-sponsored S&T activities. Such approach is expected to standardize and therefore, convey more appropriately to Canadians, the outcomes commonly generated by science and technology programs related to space.

Strategic Outcome : Over the years, the strategic outcome will be monitored through the three following indicators:

Performance Indicators	Targets
Depth and width of needed scientific knowledge:	The CSA already conducts in-house measurement of certain outputs such as the number of publications produced from space research. To hone its approach, the CSA is considering the establishment of a pluriannual bibliometric study which will list the number of publications, citations and type of audiences associated with the fields of knowledge that are priorities for Government of Canada (GoC) organizations.
Space generated innovation index:	Government of Canada and private sector organizations collect and publish a large amount of aggregate information on innovation. The CSA must improve its capacity to report more quantifiably on the impact of its programs on Canadian innovation. The CSA intends to draw from the performance measurement methods developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), building on the partnership created since 2006 between the CSA and others members of the OECD Space Forum.
Acknowledgement/success stories by GoC organizations of impact on mandate delivery:	The measurement of this indicator relies on the capability of the GoC organizations to systematically acknowledge the benefits obtained from applications developed with the support of the CSA. Longitudinal information will be collected jointly with the GoC organizations in order to analyse the impact of the support provided by the CSA on the delivery of their programs.

2.2 Program Activities

Space Data, Information and Services

Description: This Program Activity includes the provision of space-based solutions (data, information and services) and the progression of their utilization. It also serves to install and run ground infrastructure that processes the data and operates satellites. This Program Activity utilizes space-based solutions to assist Government of Canada (GoC) organizations in delivering growing, diversified or cost-effective programs and services within their mandate, which is related to key national priorities, such as sovereignty, defence, safety and security, resource management, environmental monitoring and the North. It also provides academia with data required to perform its own research.

The services delivered through this Program Activity are rendered, and the data and information are generated and processed, with the participation of the Canadian space industry, academia, GoC organizations, national and international organizations, such as foreign space agencies, not-for-profit organizations, as well as provincial and municipal governments. This collaborative effort is formalized under national and international partnership agreements, contracts, grants or contributions.

Space Data, Information and Services
Program Activity Performance Measurement

Expected Result #1	Performance Indicator
The GoC organizations offer more diversified or cost-effective programs and services due to their utilization of space-based solutions.	1. Number of GoC programs and number of different themes serviced by space-based solutions. New success stories of improved efficient/effective departmental mandate delivery due to space-based solutions.
Planning and Reporting Continuity: RPP 2011-2012 and DPR 2010-2011: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

Financial Resources ($ millions)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
173.7	98.7	78.4

Human Resources (FTEs)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
107.4	104.6	100.6

Summary of Planning Highlights for Space Data, Information and Services

In order to serve the evolving priorities of the Government of Canada, and the needs of Canadians, the CSA will:

Complete Ongoing Projects

• Complete the design of the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) with a Mission Critical Design Review (CDR) approved by stakeholders. The launch of the first satellite is planned to occur in fiscal year 2016-2017 followed a year later by the other two satellites. While ensuring continuity of space data from its predecessors RADARSAT-1 and -2 for many government departments, the RCM will enhance Canada's ability to use space-based solutions for operational maritime surveillance, disaster management and ecosystem monitoring and will support the strategic objectives of Canada on security and sovereignty, particularly in the Arctic.

• Prepare for the launch of CASSIOPE, a mission that will demonstrate both the Canadian small satellite bus capability and the future space-based digital courier system named CASCADE. It is also expected to bring scientific returns with the ePOP instrument built to help understand particle exchange and energy coupling processes between the Earth's atmosphere and space environment.

• Finalize the manufacturing, integration and testing of the M3MSat Satellite for launch in 2013. This joint CSA-Departmental National Defense (DND) micro-satellite project will demonstrate and further develop a multi-mission micro-satellite bus capability, establish the operation of micro-satellites as cost-effective, allow the optimization of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) payload in maritime traffic identification and significantly support Canadian industry business development strategies in a global market context. M3MSat is a complement to CSA's RADARSAT Constellation and DND's Polar Epsilon missions.

Ensure Integrity of Services

• Continue to develop the Chemical and Aerosol Sounding Satellite (CASS) mission concept which is a follow on to the successful SCISAT-1 mission, entering its ninth year of operation. CASS will continue the atmospheric composition and air quality measurements, monitor the chemistry influencing ozone recovery, and provide new science on how the surface climate influences the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. The Canadian instruments can be either flown on a foreign or Canadian spacecraft.

• Keep managing and optimizing the remaining $321 million out of the initial $445 million worth of prepaid RADARSAT-2 data. This close monitoring of SAR data utilization by operational Government is deployed to ensure users' needs are met in a sustainable way. Fourteen departments are taking advantage of RADARSAT many capabilities and making long term investments to develop new capabilities within the departments by either bringing applications closer to an operational status or by finding ways to improve the use of the data in order to better fulfill their mandate. DND's Polar Epsilon Project is expected to become one of the largest users of SAR data in Canada together with Environment Canada.

• Continue satellite data application development and Earth Observation (EO) utilization activities, to support the growth of EO needs or capabilities within Government of Canada and the service industry. With 22 ongoing contracts, including ten to develop innovative applications to support water management, the industry will have many opportunities to provide high-value solutions to the Government of Canada while improving their competitiveness. The SARWind project with Environment Canada will be of particular interest. Building on the accomplishments of the MENTOR project initiated by the private sector, it will be in final integration and validation phases before becoming operational within the Meteorological Services Canada. It will the first operational SAR satellite space-based monitoring for improving wind analysis and short-range prediction over large marine areas, and especially in the coastal zones.

• Continue to support MOPITT and OSIRIS, two major Canadian science instruments that are currently orbiting Earth and collection atmospheric environment data. MOPITT, on NASA's Terra satellite, measures pollutants in the troposphere, providing a wealth of data on global transport of pollutants while OSIRIS, on the Swedish Odin satellite, measures ozone in the stratosphere and mesosphere and provides important data to assess and predict the health of the ozone layer.

Maintain Partnerships

• Continue to support the development of a sophisticated Enhanced Interaction Klystron (EIK) that will be at the heart of the interferometric radar instrument on the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission being developed by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the French Space Agency (CNES - Centre national d'études spatiales) for launch in 2019. SWOT will allow measurement of lake level and ocean circulation features and will be of great utility to Environment Canada for hydrological and meteorological monitoring and forecasting, and to Fisheries and Oceans Canada for ocean science and forecasting.

• Continue to leverage international efforts by playing a tangible role and being a reliable partner in international organizations. The CSA is holding chairmanship of the International Charter Space and Major Disasters, to use EO satellites in response to disasters until mid-2012. The CSA continues to regularly provide RADARSAT-1 and -2 data and strategic EO-derived information products upon Charter activation, thus contributing to help mitigating the effects of disasters on human life in Canada and around the world.

Invest in Research and Development (R&D)

• Continue the analysis of the requirements and delivery mechanisms for the Polar Communications and Weather (PCW) Mission, including Private-Public-Partnership (PPP) in order to find the most efficient way to respond to the needs expressed by Government of Canada organizations and Northern communities in Canada. If approved, the mission will facilitate Canadian operations in the North and support Canadian sovereignty by providing reliable communications services and timely meteorological information for civilian and military operations.

Benefits for Canadians from this Program Activity

Space assets produce many benefits for Canadians. More specifically, the following are a few examples of the positives impacts arising from synergistic collaboration between the CSA and Government of Canada organizations.

The Department of National Defence is rapidly increasing its capacity to use space assets to deliver its mandate with the construction and operation of satellite data reception stations in Canada. The main objective is to use space capabilities to enhance the security and protection of Canadians, both at home and abroad.

Environment Canada is the largest user of satellite data within the Government of Canada. Space data is critical to the department's core mandate, including weather and air quality forecasting, environmental and ice monitoring, enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, climate change studies, and the science required to improve weather and environmental forecasts for Canadians.

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is a key user and provider of space data within the Government of Canada as it is mandated under the Department of Natural Resources Act to 'promote the development and use of remote sensing technology'. In doing so, NRCan receives, uses, archives and disseminates Canadian and international satellite data. It uses space data to deliver its core mandate of mapping the Canadian landmass, managing natural resources, assessing natural hazards and maintaining the Canadian Spatial Reference System.

The Department of Fisheries and Oceans uses space data and information to support safe navigation, maritime surveillance, and, ocean science and observations. It relies on accurate and timely satellite imagery of ice, allowing the Canadian Coast Guard to direct icebreaking activities in a more efficient and effective way.

To learn more about Space Data, Information and Services Program Activity, go to: Section 2 of the "Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome – Detailed Information" posted on the CSA's website at: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

To learn more about Earth observation, go to: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/default.asp.

To learn more about satellite communications, go to: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/default.asp.

Space Exploration

Description: This Program Activity provides valuable Canadian science, signature technologies and qualified astronauts to international space exploration endeavours. This Program Activity contributes to the Government of Canada's Science and Technology Strategy. It fosters the generation of knowledge as well as technological spin-offs that contribute to a higher quality of life for Canadians. It generates excitement within the population in general and contributes to nation-building. This Program Activity appeals to the science and technology communities. It is targeted mostly towards Canadian academia and international space exploration partnerships. Canadian industry also benefits from the work generated within this Program Activity.

This Program Activity is delivered with the participation of foreign space agencies and Government of Canada (GoC) organizations. This collaborative effort is formalized under international partnership agreements, contracts, grants or contributions.

Space Exploration
Program Activity Performance Measurement

Expected Result #1	Performance Indicator
Expansion of scientific knowledge acquired through space exploration endeavours.	1. Number of peer-reviewed scientific publications, reports and conference proceedings using space exploration information and produced by researchers (sciences and technologies) in Canada.
Expected Result #2	Performance Indicator
Multiple use and applications of knowledge and know-how acquired through space exploration endeavours.	1. Number of terrestrial applications and of space re-utilization of knowledge and know-how acquired through space exploration endeavours.
Planning and Reporting Continuity: RPP 2011-2012 and DPR 2010-2011: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

Financial Resources ($ millions)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
106.3	93.6	93.0

Human Resources (FTEs)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
196.1	192.3	188.0

Summary of Planning Highlights for Space Exploration

Complete Ongoing Projects

• The Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield is pursuing his training to become the first Canadian to command the International Space Station (ISS) and its crew and will be the second Canadian to undertake a 6 months mission to the ISS. Mr Hadfield is planned to live and work on the ISS from November 2012 to May 2013. The two newest Canadian astronauts are now eligible for long-duration space flight assignments to the ISS and continue training on various ISS Partners' segments while assuming collateral duties in support to the ISS Program and CSA priorities.

• The CSA will see the launch of the Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat). The microsatellite jointly sponsored by CSA and DND's Defence Research and Development Canada will acquire metric data on Near Earth-orbiting objects (asteroids) and man-made objects (spacecraft and space debris). Hundreds of images per day will be analyzed by the University of Calagary's science operations centre. Through NEOSSat, Canada is contributing to the international effort to both catalogue the near-Earth population of asteroids producing information crucial to targeting new destinations for future space exploration missions and to maintain the safety of Canadian and international space assets, both civilian and military in an increasingly cluttered space environment.

Ensure Integrity of Services

• The CSA will continue to fulfill its International Space Station mandate to maintain and operate the Mobile Servicing System (MSS), and, to optimize and extend its initially designed operational life of 15 year to support the space station until 2020 and beyond.

Maintain Partnerships

• The CSA will improve coordination of space research through its continued participation in international space life sciences working groups. For example, through the International Space Life Sciences Working Group, CSA works with NASA, the European Space Agency, and Japanese, German, French and Italian space agencies to collaborate on space life sciences and multinational, world-class scientific research conducted on the ISS. Proposals that were selected in 2009 will be developed for execution on the ISS during the 2012-2014 timeframe.

• The CSA will continue to participate actively in the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). In 2012, the ISECG will be chaired by CSA and will present the second iteration of the Global Exploration Roadmap for robotics and human exploration of the Moon, Mars and Asteroids, and will develop an international approach on the measurement of the space exploration benefits.

• The CSA will continue its international collaboration on important astronomy and planetary exploration missions, such as the development of a Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), a key component of the James Webb Space Telescope to be launched in 2018. CSA's contribution will guarantee Canadian astronomers access to 5% of the observing time. The CSA will also continue its participation to JAXA Astro-H mission and will continue to evaluate the potential for participation in missions such as ESA Euclid to ensure that Canadian astronomers continue to play a leading role in international astronomy discoveries.

Invest in Research and Development (R&D)

• The CSA will continue to work with its industrial contractor team to deliver the second of two projects under the Stimulus initiative on space robotics announced as part of Canada's Economic Action Plan. The initiative to be completed in 2012-2013 using CSA's funding is developing terrestrial prototypes of different rovers and their associated technologies for Moon and Mars exploration.

• The CSA will continue to expand the use of ground control operations of Canadarm 2 and Dextre on the ISS to free up on-orbit crew time. In return, the CSA will continue to access the unique environment of the ISS as a platform for microgravity and extreme environment research in areas such as neuroscience, vascular studies, radiation and on-orbit health diagnostic technologies. The CSA will develop a new vision system to detect approaching vehicle to be launched in 2014 in collaboration with NASA.

• The CSA will continue its investments in exploration of Mars, by first analysing the data of the APXS instrument on the NASA Curiosity rover currently enroute to the Red Planet. It will also continue its participation to the MATMOS instrument to analyse Mars atmosphere and to the NASA OSIRIS-Rex mission toward an asteroid. The CSA will also continue to work with NSA and ESA to evaluate potential participation in future Mars and Moon robotic missions.

Benefits for Canadians from this Program Activity

The International Space Station is an excellent example of mutually beneficial collaboration among space-faring countries. Through our contribution to specialized technologies, Canadian astronauts and scientists have special access to a unique microgravity laboratory for conducting scientific and engineering studies. These priority research areas have great potential for creating the new knowledge that will improve how we live, prosper and develop on our planet.

Space exploration and scientific and technological initiatives provide opportunities for Canada to take part in the exploration of Mars. Increasing our understanding of Mars would improve our understanding of the Earth, especially about our atmosphere and magnetic field. Complementing the scientific advancements stemming from planetary exploration, is the development of exploration vehicles and their associated robotic technologies challenges including the use, for example, of solar-powered electric propulsion, which, in turn, could lead the way to the spin-off commercialization of green technologies.

Space astronomy provides an additional platform for Canadian astronomers and space industry to build on existing strengths and achieve global levels of excellence. The participation of Canada to the James Webb Space Telescope is a perfect example.

To learn more about Space Exploration Program Activity, go to Section 2 of the "Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome – Detailed Information" posted on the CSA's website at: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

To learn more about space science and exploration, go to: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/asc/eng/sciences/default.asp and http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/asc/eng/exploration/default.asp.

Future Canadian Space Capacity

Description: This Program Activity attracts, sustains and enhances the nation's critical mass of Canadian space specialists, fosters Canadian space innovation and know-how, and preserves the nation's space-related facilities capability. In doing so, it encourages private-public collaboration that requires a concerted approach to future space missions. This Program Activity secures the nation's strategic and ongoing presence in space in the future and to preserve Canada's capability to deliver internationally renowned space assets for future generations. It is targeted at Canadian academia, industry and youth, as well as users of Canadian space solutions (Government of Canada (GoC) organizations) and international partners.

This Program Activity is conducted with the participation of funding agencies, GoC organizations along with government facilities and infrastructure, foreign space agencies, not-for-profit organizations and provincial governments. This collaborative effort is formalized under contracts, grants, contributions or national and international partnership agreements.

Future Canadian Space Capacity
Program Activity Performance Measurement

Expected Result #1	Performance Indicators
Canada has a space community (academia, industry and government) able to contribute to the sustained and strategic Canadian use of space.	1. Vitality index of the Canadian space community-measured in terms of: Number of HQP/total of FTE; Value of public and private R&D investments; Value of public and private development facilities; Number of technology domains covered; Number of university space related programs. 2. Degree of match between workforce supplied and space community (industry and government) workforce requirements.
Planning and Reporting Continuity: RPP 2011-2012 and DPR 2010-2011: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

Financial Resources ($ millions)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
63.3	70.8	70.9

Human Resources (FTEs)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
116.5	122.2	122.8

Summary of Planning Highlights for Future Canadian Space Capacity

Complete Ongoing Projects

• A new stratospheric balloon launch infrastructure will begin development by CSA in Canada to support the access to balloon flights for the training of scientists and engineers, as well as for the creation of science opportunities, in collaboration with the French Space Agency.

Ensure Integrity of Services

• The CSA intends to make its David Florida Laboratory (DFL) research facilities more accessible and available to academia and the Canadian space industry. The DFL will continue to provide world-class and cost-effective environmental space qualification services for the assembly, integration and testing of spacecraft systems to CSA's programs, Government of Canada organizations as well as national and international commercial clients.

Maintain Partnerships

• CSA will consult the Canadian space sector (industry and academia) and relevant GoC organizations in preparation for the 2012 European Space Agency (ESA) Ministerial Council meeting during which ESA Member states and Canada will announce new contributions to the proposed ESA Programs.

• The CSA will continue to participate actively in the International Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC). This committee is an international government forum of 12 Space Agencies, for the global coordination of research activities related to growing threat from man-made and natural debris in space. CSA access to space debris research activities will minimize potential threats to Canadian space assets which have to be manoeuvred more and more frequently to avoid collisions with space debris. Canada will host the next IADC annual meeting in May 2012.

Invest in Research and Development (R&D)

• The CSA will continue to provide support and training to scientists and engineers through two new initiatives: the selection and creation of research clusters and the selection of projects for flight on sub-orbital platforms, both through competitive announcements of opportunities; approximately 20 new projects are currently funded for a 3 year period.

• On the basis of the results for the CSA's long-term roadmaps' exercise for space technology development and depending on the requirements for future missions, the CSA will issue R&D contracts in areas that have been selected after consultation with government, industry and academia. The CSA will continue to task industry and research organizations to work on designated priority technologies in order to mitigate risks and contribute to the enhancement of Canadian capabilities.

Benefits for Canadians from this Program Activity

Canada's future space capacity resides within academia, the space industry and government departments and agencies. By investing in programs that stimulate innovation within the space community and encouraging the competitiveness of our high-tech companies, the CSA contributes to the creation and sustainability of Canada's knowledge-based economy. However, it is important to note that the investments under this Program Activity are meant to generate long-term benefits.

For example, the CSA's program, Space Expertise and Proficiency, promotes the education and training of the highly educated and highly skilled labour force of tomorrow. The CSA program "Space Innovation and Market Access" promotes dynamic trade relationships with other nations, thereby increasing the ability of our Canadian companies to compete in the global marketplace on a medium- and long-term basis. There are significant economic advantages for Canada and quality-of-life benefits for Canadians in a constantly growing space industry, which currently has 200 organizations employing over 7,500 highly skilled engineers, scientists and researchers.

The CSA will also work at maintaining and developing the capacity and expertise of its scientific and technical staff by providing opportunities to contribute to leading-edge priority activities in cooperation with academia, industry and GoC organizations.

To learn more about Future Canadian Space Capacity Program Activity, go to Section 2 of the "Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome – Detailed Information" posted on the CSA's website at: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

To learn more about enabling technology development, go to: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/programs/default.asp.

To learn more about qualifying and testing services go to: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/dfl/default.asp.

To learn more about space awareness and learning, go to: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/educators/default.asp.

Internal Services

Description: In accordance with the Management Accountability Framework this Program Activity serves to implement the Government's commitment to modern Public Service management. Internal Services include only those activities and resources that apply across an organization in the areas of Governance and Management Support which includes Management and Oversight Services, Communications Services, and Legal Services; Resource Management which includes Human Resources Management Services, Financial Management Services, Information Management Services and Information Technology Services; and Asset Management which includes Real Property Services, Material Services and Acquisition Services.

Internal Services
Program Activity Performance Measurement

Expected Result #1	Performance Indicator
Internal Services provide an added value to CSA managers in the performance of their duties.	1. CSA's rating against MAF criteria based on Round 2012-2013 assessment.
Planning and Reporting Continuity: RPP 2011-2012 and DPR 2010-2011: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

Financial Resources ($ millions)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
45.0	46.6	46.8

Human Resources (FTEs)

2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
267.0	267.9	275.7

Summary of Planning Highlights for Internal Services

In order for the CSA to have its management practices meet the standards set by the Government wide policies and based on lessons learned from the Management Accountability Framework assessments, and Internal Audit recommendations, the following actions will be undertaken in 2012-2013:

Continued Governance Improvements

• The renewal of the CSA's investment selection governance and the approval and implementation of a first Investment Plan, in accordance with TBS policies on investment planning, acquired assets and management of projects.
• The continued development and implementation of the Project Management Methodology to standardize project management processes and practices.
• The continued development of an integrated planning approach in order to align human, financial and technical resources with the CSA's strategies, priorities and operations.
• The ongoing implementation of the 2010-2013 Integrated Corporate Human Resources Plan in line with the Program Activity Architecture and development of the 2013-2016 Plan in order to attract and retain a qualified workforce to deliver its mandate.
• The implementation of a renewed intellectual property policy.

Ensuring Business Continuity

• The implementation of a new approach to update the CSA Corporate Risk Profile and use it as a powerful decision making tool.
• The continued development and implementation of the CSA's Departmental Security Plan as required in the Policy on Government Security and evaluated with the Management Accountability Framework 2012-2013.
• The continued development and implementation of a new business continuity plan.
• The ongoing management of information assets created by or for the CSA in order to guarantee access for decision making, protection for security access and to conform to Canadian regulations, and to assure conservation for historical purposes.

Monitoring Performance

• The ongoing implementation of a five-year Evaluation Plan applicable to the CSA's 2011-2012 Program Activity Architecture as well as the continued development of Performance Measurement Strategies for each Program Activities.
• The ongoing implementation of the three-year (2011-2014) risk-based audit plan.
• The implementation of the CSA's PAA Performance Measurement Framework to be reported for the first time in the 2011-2012 Departmental Performance Report.
• The ongoing assessment of management requirements to allow public access to space data produced by satellites and scientific experiments.
• The continuous monitoring of management action plans developed in response to audit and evaluation as well as third party recommendations.

Benefits for Canadians from this Program Activity

Canadians will benefit from well-managed and efficient government operations while maintaining rigorous stewardship over financial resources, assets, and human resources, as well as from a transparent, accountable and responsive federal government.

To learn more about Internal Services Program Activity, go to Section 2 of the "Analysis of Program Activities by Strategic Outcome – Detailed Information" posted on the CSA's website at: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/publications/default.asp.

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