2020 Public Service Employee Survey Results for Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission by Question 120. Are you a member of a visible minority group?

The results of the 2020 Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) are presented according to the numerical order of questions, grouped by section theme as they appeared in the questionnaire. Results are not shown when there is no historical comparison, or when there is an insufficient number of responses.

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. Results have been adjusted for non-response to better represent the target population. Therefore, percentages should not be used to determine the number of respondents within a response category. The results for "Most positive or least negative answers" and "Least positive and most negative answers" are calculated by removing the "Don't know" and "Not applicable" responses from the total responses.

Survey Themes

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My Job

Question 1. I have the tools, technology and equipment I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 53 38 2 7 0 0 0 91 7 153
2020 Non-visible minority 48 41 4 7 1 0 0 89 8 563

Question 2. The material and tools provided for my work, including software and other automated tools, are available in the official language of my choice.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 80 12 3 1 1 1 2 95 3 153
2020 Non-visible minority 78 13 4 3 1 1 1 92 4 562
2017 Visible minority 73 18 4 0 3 1 1 94 3 142
2017 Non-visible minority 71 17 5 3 1 1 1 90 4 651
2014 Visible minority 81 11 3 0 4 0 1 93 4 108
2014 Non-visible minority 75 17 4 3 1 0 0 92 4 543

Question 3. My physical environment (e.g., office, workspace) is suitable for my job requirements.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 41 43 9 5 1 0 1 85 6 153
2020 Non-visible minority 42 41 9 6 1 0 1 84 8 561
2019 Visible minority 55 30 5 7 3 0 0 86 9 155
2019 Non-visible minority 53 32 5 8 3 0 0 84 11 592
2017 Visible minority 47 37 10 1 5 0 0 84 6 141
2017 Non-visible minority 51 34 4 7 4 0 0 85 12 651
2014 Visible minority 51 25 9 8 6 0 0 76 14 108
2014 Non-visible minority 49 30 8 8 5 0 0 80 13 542

Question 4. I get the training I need to do my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 40 11 9 3 0 1 77 12 152
2020 Non-visible minority 45 38 7 7 1 0 1 84 9 558
2019 Visible minority 41 36 12 8 3 0 0 78 10 156
2019 Non-visible minority 40 37 9 10 5 0 0 77 14 590
2018 Visible minority 37 42 8 10 3 0 1 79 13 148
2018 Non-visible minority 41 42 8 6 2 0 1 84 9 553
2017 Visible minority 41 41 6 11 0 0 1 83 11 142
2017 Non-visible minority 47 36 6 8 3 0 0 83 11 652
2014 Visible minority 48 36 6 5 5 1 0 85 9 108
2014 Non-visible minority 47 34 8 7 4 0 0 81 11 543

Question 5. I have the information, training and equipment I need to ensure my health and safety at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 47 35 11 6 0 0 1 83 6 152
2020 Non-visible minority 57 34 5 4 0 0 0 91 4 559
2019 Visible minority 55 31 6 5 1 0 1 87 6 154
2019 Non-visible minority 61 29 5 3 2 0 1 90 5 588
2017 Visible minority 61 27 6 4 1 0 1 89 5 141
2017 Non-visible minority 66 28 4 2 0 0 0 94 2 651
2014 Visible minority 64 27 5 2 2 0 0 92 4 108
2014 Non-visible minority 70 23 3 3 1 0 0 94 3 543

Question 6. I have support at work to balance my work and personal life.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 51 33 7 5 5 0 1 84 9 152
2020 Non-visible minority 53 31 7 7 2 0 0 85 8 560
2019 Visible minority 55 27 9 5 3 1 1 83 8 156
2019 Non-visible minority 54 31 5 5 3 0 0 86 9 590
2018 Visible minority 50 29 12 4 5 0 0 79 9 149
2018 Non-visible minority 59 28 7 4 2 0 0 87 6 552
2017 Visible minority 46 32 10 5 4 1 1 80 9 142
2017 Non-visible minority 56 29 7 6 3 0 0 85 8 651
2014 Visible minority 45 31 14 6 3 1 0 76 9 108
2014 Non-visible minority 53 29 8 7 3 0 0 82 10 543

Question 7. I get a sense of satisfaction from my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 39 42 13 4 2 0 0 81 6 152
2020 Non-visible minority 43 39 10 6 2 0 0 82 8 562
2019 Visible minority 46 35 10 6 3 0 0 81 9 156
2019 Non-visible minority 40 37 12 7 4 0 0 77 11 591
2018 Visible minority 30 48 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 149
2018 Non-visible minority 41 40 9 7 3 0 0 81 10 549
2017 Visible minority 38 40 16 4 1 0 0 78 6 142
2017 Non-visible minority 41 42 8 6 3 0 0 82 9 652
2014 Visible minority 42 37 8 6 8 0 0 79 13 108
2014 Non-visible minority 33 44 11 9 4 0 0 77 13 543

Question 8. I receive meaningful recognition for work well done.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 27 41 15 9 6 1 2 70 15 153
2020 Non-visible minority 37 40 10 10 4 0 0 76 14 559
2019 Visible minority 31 38 15 6 9 1 0 70 15 154
2019 Non-visible minority 33 34 14 12 7 0 0 67 19 590
2018 Visible minority 21 41 14 13 9 1 1 63 23 149
2018 Non-visible minority 34 30 16 10 8 0 0 65 19 550
2017 Visible minority 24 33 13 20 9 1 0 57 29 142
2017 Non-visible minority 30 36 15 12 7 0 0 66 19 652
2014 Visible minority 29 29 17 12 12 1 0 59 25 108
2014 Non-visible minority 27 32 18 14 9 0 0 59 23 543

Question 9. I have clear work objectives.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 38 9 6 2 0 1 83 8 152
2020 Non-visible minority 38 45 10 5 2 0 0 83 7 559
2019 Visible minority 40 42 9 8 1 0 0 82 9 153
2019 Non-visible minority 34 38 12 11 4 0 0 72 15 589
2018 Visible minority 31 41 17 5 6 0 0 72 11 149
2018 Non-visible minority 37 39 11 8 4 0 0 77 12 553
2017 Visible minority 38 44 9 7 2 0 0 82 9 141
2017 Non-visible minority 35 42 10 10 3 0 0 77 13 652

Question 10. I know how my work contributes to the achievement of my department's or agency's goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 61 30 6 2 1 0 1 91 3 153
2020 Non-visible minority 57 32 6 4 1 0 0 89 5 558
2019 Visible minority 59 28 8 4 1 0 0 87 6 153
2019 Non-visible minority 48 37 7 5 3 0 0 85 8 588
2018 Visible minority 52 33 11 3 1 0 0 85 4 146
2018 Non-visible minority 56 32 8 3 1 0 0 88 4 555
2017 Visible minority 56 29 8 4 2 0 0 85 6 142
2017 Non-visible minority 48 38 8 4 2 0 0 86 6 650
2014 Visible minority 54 31 6 4 6 0 0 85 9 108
2014 Non-visible minority 44 37 10 5 3 0 0 81 8 542

Question 11. Overall, I feel valued at work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 39 11 7 5 1 1 76 13 153
2020 Non-visible minority 40 37 12 8 3 0 0 77 11 561
2019 Visible minority 39 36 13 10 2 0 0 74 13 154
2019 Non-visible minority 37 36 12 9 7 0 0 72 16 590
2018 Visible minority 38 32 15 10 6 0 0 69 15 146
2018 Non-visible minority 38 36 11 10 5 0 0 75 15 555
2017 Visible minority 33 34 18 11 4 0 0 67 16 141
2017 Non-visible minority 37 36 13 8 6 0 0 73 14 651

Question 12. I am proud of the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 58 31 7 2 1 0 1 90 3 151
2020 Non-visible minority 59 29 8 2 1 0 0 88 3 556
2019 Visible minority 55 34 6 4 1 1 0 89 4 154
2019 Non-visible minority 55 33 7 3 2 0 0 88 5 585
2018 Visible minority 57 26 15 1 1 0 0 83 3 144
2018 Non-visible minority 56 30 10 3 1 0 0 86 4 549
2017 Visible minority 60 27 10 2 0 1 0 88 2 142
2017 Non-visible minority 58 30 8 3 1 0 0 88 4 649
2014 Visible minority 72 18 7 1 3 0 0 90 4 108
2014 Non-visible minority 63 26 8 2 1 0 0 89 3 543

Question 13. I have opportunities to provide input into decisions that affect my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 42 13 7 3 0 1 77 10 152
2020 Non-visible minority 41 39 9 7 3 1 0 81 10 558
2019 Visible minority 37 42 10 9 2 1 0 80 11 153
2019 Non-visible minority 40 35 11 7 7 0 0 75 14 582
2018 Visible minority 27 49 10 12 0 1 0 78 12 144
2018 Non-visible minority 38 38 11 8 5 0 0 76 13 554
2017 Visible minority 32 44 10 10 4 0 0 76 14 142
2017 Non-visible minority 39 39 10 8 3 0 0 78 11 648
2014 Visible minority 26 42 14 7 9 1 0 70 16 108
2014 Non-visible minority 27 45 9 12 7 0 0 72 19 543

Question 14. I am encouraged to be innovative or to take initiative in my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 44 13 2 5 0 1 80 7 152
2020 Non-visible minority 48 31 12 7 2 0 0 80 8 559
2019 Visible minority 34 40 15 5 4 1 0 76 9 153
2019 Non-visible minority 40 31 13 10 6 0 0 71 16 590
2018 Visible minority 33 33 19 12 3 0 1 66 14 145
2018 Non-visible minority 44 31 13 8 5 0 0 75 13 553
2017 Visible minority 33 37 15 10 4 0 1 70 14 142
2017 Non-visible minority 40 34 15 8 3 0 0 74 11 649
2014 Visible minority 33 28 21 8 8 1 0 62 17 108
2014 Non-visible minority 34 34 14 12 6 0 0 68 18 543

Question 15. I have support at work to provide a high level of service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 42 11 4 3 1 0 82 7 153
2020 Non-visible minority 45 37 10 6 2 0 0 82 8 553
2019 Visible minority 35 44 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 155
2019 Non-visible minority 39 36 12 7 5 0 0 76 12 582
2018 Visible minority 30 41 16 9 3 1 0 72 12 145
2018 Non-visible minority 39 37 11 9 3 0 1 77 12 552
2017 Visible minority 37 41 14 6 3 0 0 78 8 142
2017 Non-visible minority 43 36 11 8 3 0 0 79 10 649
2014 Visible minority 39 33 16 6 5 1 1 73 11 108
2014 Non-visible minority 36 39 10 10 5 1 0 75 15 541

Question 16. Overall, I like my job.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 52 36 8 3 1 0 0 88 4 154
2020 Non-visible minority 50 34 10 5 1 0 0 85 6 561
2019 Visible minority 46 42 7 4 1 0 0 88 6 156
2019 Non-visible minority 45 38 9 6 3 0 0 82 8 590
2018 Visible minority 38 44 11 5 2 0 0 82 7 147
2018 Non-visible minority 46 37 10 5 1 0 0 84 6 554
2017 Visible minority 46 37 13 4 1 0 0 82 4 142
2017 Non-visible minority 48 35 9 6 2 0 0 83 8 646
2014 Visible minority 55 26 11 4 3 1 0 82 7 108
2014 Non-visible minority 44 39 9 6 2 0 0 83 8 542

Question 17. I can complete my assigned workload during my regular working hours.
Survey year Demographic Always/almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 28 40 18 9 4 0 1 69 13 151
2020 Non-visible minority 28 36 20 10 5 1 0 65 15 555
2019 Visible minority 32 41 18 7 2 0 0 73 9 154
2019 Non-visible minority 36 34 18 9 3 0 0 70 12 586
2018 Visible minority 30 40 18 8 3 1 1 70 11 149
2018 Non-visible minority 33 36 18 9 4 0 0 70 12 554
2017 Visible minority 37 37 15 8 2 0 1 75 10 141
2017 Non-visible minority 34 39 16 6 4 0 0 74 10 652
2014 Visible minority 31 43 19 5 3 0 0 74 7 108
2014 Non-visible minority 31 41 20 5 3 0 0 72 8 543

Question 18a. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... constantly changing priorities.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 5 19 42 24 7 2 1 32 25 154
2020 Non-visible minority 6 19 41 22 10 1 1 33 25 562
2019 Visible minority 3 17 38 30 12 0 1 41 20 156
2019 Non-visible minority 9 21 38 22 10 0 1 32 30 589
2018 Visible minority 3 29 35 24 5 0 4 31 33 146
2018 Non-visible minority 5 23 36 23 11 0 1 35 29 552
2017 Visible minority 5 20 41 25 3 1 7 30 27 137
2017 Non-visible minority 6 19 37 24 11 1 2 36 27 648
2014 Visible minority 8 18 35 26 6 1 6 35 28 108
2014 Non-visible minority 8 25 39 21 7 0 1 28 33 543

Question 18b. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... lack of stability in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 4 12 25 34 19 2 5 56 18 154
2020 Non-visible minority 3 10 21 40 23 2 1 65 13 563
2019 Visible minority 3 8 26 35 24 2 3 62 11 154
2019 Non-visible minority 8 14 25 32 20 2 1 53 22 585
2018 Visible minority 1 15 22 41 14 2 4 59 18 143
2018 Non-visible minority 5 11 25 34 23 1 1 58 17 551
2017 Visible minority 5 10 16 40 15 5 8 64 18 135
2017 Non-visible minority 3 11 23 33 24 3 4 60 15 647
2014 Visible minority 0 6 27 39 20 1 8 64 6 108
2014 Non-visible minority 4 10 23 36 23 2 2 62 14 541

Question 18c. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... too many approval stages.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 12 22 37 22 5 1 0 28 35 152
2020 Non-visible minority 14 24 35 17 8 1 1 26 39 561
2019 Visible minority 11 18 39 21 7 2 2 30 30 155
2019 Non-visible minority 13 26 33 18 8 1 1 27 40 591
2018 Visible minority 12 25 34 16 7 3 2 25 39 144
2018 Non-visible minority 12 23 34 20 9 1 1 30 35 548
2017 Visible minority 14 19 39 14 9 2 3 24 35 138
2017 Non-visible minority 10 21 32 21 11 1 3 34 33 649
2014 Visible minority 19 17 34 17 7 3 3 26 38 107
2014 Non-visible minority 15 28 32 17 7 0 1 24 44 543

Question 18d. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreasonable deadlines.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 5 14 38 31 10 2 0 42 19 153
2020 Non-visible minority 7 14 37 28 12 1 1 41 21 556
2019 Visible minority 0 7 40 28 21 1 3 51 8 155
2019 Non-visible minority 5 12 35 33 14 0 1 48 17 589
2018 Visible minority 2 9 36 36 12 1 4 50 11 145
2018 Non-visible minority 6 8 35 35 15 0 1 50 14 550
2017 Visible minority 4 17 30 30 15 1 4 47 22 137
2017 Non-visible minority 3 12 35 32 15 1 2 49 15 643
2014 Visible minority 6 13 32 27 17 2 3 47 20 108
2014 Non-visible minority 7 14 35 31 13 0 1 44 21 539

Question 18e. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... having to do the same or more work, but with fewer resources.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 12 23 36 19 8 1 1 28 35 154
2020 Non-visible minority 12 21 29 24 11 1 1 36 34 560
2019 Visible minority 10 17 34 19 15 2 4 36 28 154
2019 Non-visible minority 15 23 26 20 13 1 1 34 39 590
2018 Visible minority 11 16 33 26 7 2 4 36 29 146
2018 Non-visible minority 10 20 30 23 15 1 1 39 31 551
2017 Visible minority 14 19 29 21 10 1 4 33 36 138
2017 Non-visible minority 11 18 27 26 15 1 3 42 30 646
2014 Visible minority 10 20 23 30 8 2 7 41 33 108
2014 Non-visible minority 13 18 29 26 11 1 2 38 31 541

Question 18f. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... high staff turnover.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 7 15 29 30 12 3 5 45 24 153
2020 Non-visible minority 5 13 26 35 17 2 2 54 18 561
2019 Visible minority 4 10 29 31 17 4 5 53 15 156
2019 Non-visible minority 8 17 25 29 18 2 2 48 26 590
2018 Visible minority 5 16 27 33 12 4 4 48 23 145
2018 Non-visible minority 6 15 29 28 20 1 2 49 21 548
2017 Visible minority 6 14 26 25 13 8 7 45 24 138
2017 Non-visible minority 5 13 26 28 22 2 5 54 19 648
2014 Visible minority 1 4 22 35 19 6 13 67 6 108
2014 Non-visible minority 3 5 22 38 27 1 3 69 8 543

Question 18g. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... overly complicated or unnecessary business processes.

Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 10 19 35 21 11 2 1 33 31 154
2020 Non-visible minority 12 19 36 21 9 2 1 31 32 557
2019 Visible minority 8 15 33 28 11 2 3 42 24 154
2019 Non-visible minority 13 21 35 20 9 1 1 30 35 589
2018 Visible minority 9 22 33 21 7 5 2 30 34 146
2018 Non-visible minority 10 22 36 20 11 1 1 31 32 552
2017 Visible minority 11 14 36 21 9 4 6 33 27 141
2017 Non-visible minority 9 19 33 21 13 2 3 36 30 646
2014 Visible minority 7 19 30 24 7 5 8 35 30 108
2014 Non-visible minority 11 22 35 20 9 1 2 30 34 543

Question 18h. I feel that the quality of my work suffers because of... unreliable technology.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 3 6 33 36 19 2 1 57 9 153
2020 Non-visible minority 3 10 34 36 16 1 1 52 13 563
2019 Visible minority 8 19 26 24 21 1 3 46 27 156
2019 Non-visible minority 10 19 36 21 12 1 0 34 30 590
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My Work Unit

Question 19. I am satisfied with how interpersonal issues are resolved in my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 25 30 21 10 7 3 5 60 18 154
2020 Non-visible minority 30 30 16 10 6 5 3 66 17 559
2019 Visible minority 28 33 17 8 6 6 2 66 15 155
2019 Non-visible minority 26 31 13 13 9 5 3 62 24 590
2018 Visible minority 20 33 24 10 6 6 1 57 17 147
2018 Non-visible minority 25 34 14 12 7 4 4 64 21 551
2017 Visible minority 21 33 17 13 5 8 4 61 21 142
2017 Non-visible minority 28 35 14 9 7 4 3 67 17 652
2014 Visible minority 26 31 15 14 8 4 2 60 24 108
2014 Non-visible minority 28 30 16 12 9 2 2 61 22 542

Question 20. In my work unit, every individual is accepted as an equal member of the team.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 41 33 8 11 6 1 0 75 17 153
2020 Non-visible minority 50 28 9 8 4 1 0 79 13 560
2019 Visible minority 45 29 12 10 3 1 0 74 13 155
2019 Non-visible minority 47 26 8 11 7 0 0 73 18 588
2018 Visible minority 40 30 13 10 7 0 0 70 17 147
2018 Non-visible minority 40 32 8 13 6 0 0 73 19 553
2017 Visible minority 39 31 7 13 6 2 1 72 20 142
2017 Non-visible minority 46 31 8 9 5 0 0 77 15 652
2014 Visible minority 41 24 11 14 9 0 0 65 24 108
2014 Non-visible minority 39 31 11 11 8 0 0 70 19 542

Question 21. In my work unit, individuals behave in a respectful manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 26 6 9 5 1 0 80 14 154
2020 Non-visible minority 53 29 8 8 1 0 0 83 9 558
2019 Visible minority 45 40 5 8 2 0 0 85 10 156
2019 Non-visible minority 46 33 7 11 3 0 0 79 14 591
2018 Visible minority 42 42 7 7 2 0 0 84 9 148
2018 Non-visible minority 48 34 7 8 3 0 0 82 11 552
2017 Visible minority 43 34 11 8 3 0 1 78 11 141
2017 Non-visible minority 46 38 7 7 3 0 0 84 10 649
2014 Visible minority 47 31 7 10 5 0 0 78 15 108
2014 Non-visible minority 40 38 9 8 4 0 0 78 12 542

Question 22. The people I work with value my ideas and opinions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 37 8 6 3 2 0 82 9 153
2020 Non-visible minority 48 35 10 5 2 1 0 84 7 548
2019 Visible minority 44 39 11 4 1 0 0 83 6 156
2019 Non-visible minority 43 39 10 5 3 1 0 82 7 589
2018 Visible minority 36 45 15 3 1 0 0 81 4 148
2018 Non-visible minority 41 41 9 7 3 0 0 82 10 552

Question 23. In my work unit, I would feel free to speak about racism in the workplace without fear of reprisal.

Racism refers to any individual action or institutional practice which treats people differently because of their colour or ethnicity.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 25 14 9 6 6 3 69 16 154
2020 Non-visible minority 57 22 6 4 3 5 4 86 7 560
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My Immediate Supervisor

Question 24. My immediate supervisor encourages me to work collaboratively with others outside of my work unit.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 53 29 12 1 2 1 2 84 3 154
2020 Non-visible minority 62 25 8 2 1 0 1 89 3 561
2019 Visible minority 53 28 11 5 1 1 2 84 5 156
2019 Non-visible minority 57 25 10 3 2 1 3 84 5 592

Question 25. I receive useful feedback from my immediate supervisor on my job performance.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 37 9 4 3 0 1 83 7 154
2020 Non-visible minority 49 32 8 7 4 0 0 81 11 559
2019 Visible minority 46 29 11 10 2 0 2 76 13 156
2019 Non-visible minority 47 26 10 9 7 1 1 74 15 590
2018 Visible minority 40 39 10 4 4 1 1 82 8 145
2018 Non-visible minority 41 35 11 6 5 1 0 78 12 552
2017 Visible minority 48 33 8 8 3 0 0 81 10 142
2017 Non-visible minority 44 35 9 6 4 1 1 80 11 652
2014 Visible minority 47 30 8 10 3 1 0 78 13 108
2014 Non-visible minority 40 33 11 9 6 0 0 74 15 542

Question 26. I feel that my immediate supervisor supports my career goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 52 22 16 3 4 1 2 77 7 154
2020 Non-visible minority 57 22 10 4 3 2 2 82 8 562

Question 27. My immediate supervisor keeps me informed about the issues affecting my work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 29 9 3 4 1 1 85 7 153
2020 Non-visible minority 55 29 8 4 3 0 0 85 7 561
2019 Visible minority 50 27 11 8 3 1 1 78 11 156
2019 Non-visible minority 49 26 10 9 5 1 0 75 14 587
2018 Visible minority 41 36 10 5 3 3 1 80 9 145
2018 Non-visible minority 49 31 10 6 3 1 1 81 9 551
2017 Visible minority 47 34 12 4 4 0 0 80 8 141
2017 Non-visible minority 49 31 7 6 4 1 1 82 11 651
2014 Visible minority 45 29 10 9 5 1 1 75 14 108
2014 Non-visible minority 46 31 9 8 5 0 1 78 13 542

Question 28. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, have you requested flexible work hours, either formally or informally?

Flexible work hours mean that an employee is able to vary the start and end times of their workday.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 41 59 151
2020 Non-visible minority 46 54 561

Question 29. During the COVID-19 pandemic, my immediate supervisor supported the use of flexible work hours.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 69 18 6 1 1 1 3 91 2 154
2020 Non-visible minority 72 15 4 1 1 1 6 95 2 563

Question 30. I am satisfied with the quality of supervision I receive.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 22 7 4 3 0 2 86 7 153
2020 Non-visible minority 63 24 5 5 3 0 0 88 8 563
2019 Visible minority 53 27 10 5 4 0 2 81 9 156
2019 Non-visible minority 53 24 9 7 6 0 1 78 13 591
2018 Visible minority 46 27 9 10 5 1 1 75 16 145
2018 Non-visible minority 51 28 9 6 5 1 0 80 11 552
2017 Visible minority 47 28 11 10 4 0 1 76 13 141
2017 Non-visible minority 53 27 9 5 5 0 1 81 10 650
2014 Visible minority 47 29 8 7 8 1 0 76 15 108
2014 Non-visible minority 49 28 9 8 5 0 0 78 13 542
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Senior Management

Question 31. Senior managers in my department or agency lead by example in ethical behaviour.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 37 11 5 3 5 0 80 8 154
2020 Non-visible minority 40 31 12 10 2 5 0 74 13 562
2019 Visible minority 33 32 16 8 4 8 0 70 13 156
2019 Non-visible minority 28 33 17 12 7 3 0 63 19 592
2018 Visible minority 34 29 20 10 4 3 0 65 14 149
2018 Non-visible minority 30 38 13 12 4 3 0 69 17 553
2017 Visible minority 25 35 16 10 4 11 0 67 16 141
2017 Non-visible minority 23 35 17 14 8 3 0 60 22 651
2014 Visible minority 30 30 17 11 6 7 0 64 18 108
2014 Non-visible minority 19 33 19 18 7 4 0 54 26 543

Question 32. I have confidence in the senior management of my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 31 40 18 7 3 2 0 72 9 154
2020 Non-visible minority 35 33 15 10 5 1 0 69 15 563
2019 Visible minority 26 36 20 9 4 6 1 66 13 156
2019 Non-visible minority 24 34 16 16 9 1 0 58 25 589
2018 Visible minority 25 38 21 9 5 3 0 65 14 149
2018 Non-visible minority 31 37 14 13 5 0 0 68 18 552
2017 Visible minority 23 39 20 7 6 6 0 65 14 141
2017 Non-visible minority 24 35 19 13 8 1 0 60 22 652
2014 Visible minority 28 32 22 12 5 1 0 61 17 108
2014 Non-visible minority 19 35 21 17 8 0 0 54 25 543

Question 33. Senior management in my department or agency makes effective and timely decisions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 25 38 20 10 4 3 0 65 14 152
2020 Non-visible minority 28 31 20 14 5 2 0 60 20 560
2019 Visible minority 19 31 23 13 5 9 0 55 20 156
2019 Non-visible minority 18 28 24 17 9 3 0 48 27 591
2018 Visible minority 22 32 22 14 6 5 0 56 20 147
2018 Non-visible minority 21 38 19 15 5 2 0 61 20 552
2017 Visible minority 14 39 20 12 6 9 0 58 19 141
2017 Non-visible minority 19 33 20 15 8 5 0 55 25 652
2014 Visible minority 25 33 23 12 7 1 0 58 19 108
2014 Non-visible minority 12 33 23 20 9 4 0 46 30 543

Question 34. Essential information flows effectively from senior management to staff.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 31 44 14 6 3 1 0 76 9 154
2020 Non-visible minority 31 37 15 12 3 1 0 69 15 561
2019 Visible minority 23 34 21 13 5 4 0 60 19 156
2019 Non-visible minority 21 33 18 18 9 1 0 55 27 592
2018 Visible minority 26 34 18 12 7 3 0 62 19 149
2018 Non-visible minority 23 38 18 13 6 1 0 62 20 555
2017 Visible minority 23 42 15 8 8 4 0 67 17 142
2017 Non-visible minority 24 33 19 14 7 2 0 58 22 648
2014 Visible minority 28 34 17 13 7 1 0 63 20 108
2014 Non-visible minority 15 34 18 22 11 1 0 49 32 543

Question 35. Senior managers in my department or agency use both official languages in their interactions with employees.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 32 21 4 1 4 2 72 5 153
2020 Non-visible minority 30 32 21 9 3 4 1 66 12 563
2019 Visible minority 40 30 12 7 3 9 1 77 10 155
2019 Non-visible minority 37 25 17 9 3 8 1 68 14 589
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My Organization (Department or Agency)

Question 36. My department or agency does a good job of communicating its vision, mission and goals.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 44 43 11 2 0 0 1 87 2 153
2020 Non-visible minority 46 38 12 4 1 0 0 84 5 563
2019 Visible minority 43 37 12 7 1 1 0 81 8 156
2019 Non-visible minority 38 41 12 7 2 0 0 79 9 591
2018 Visible minority 40 38 15 7 1 0 0 78 7 148
2018 Non-visible minority 43 41 11 3 2 0 0 84 5 547
2017 Visible minority 46 38 7 6 3 0 0 84 9 142
2017 Non-visible minority 43 38 12 5 1 1 0 82 6 651
2014 Visible minority 48 34 10 4 5 0 0 81 8 108
2014 Non-visible minority 42 37 12 6 2 1 0 79 9 543

Question 37. I feel that change is managed well in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 25 43 14 14 2 2 1 69 16 153
2020 Non-visible minority 24 40 17 16 2 1 0 65 18 558
2019 Visible minority 19 33 22 17 5 5 0 54 24 156
2019 Non-visible minority 13 34 20 21 9 1 1 49 31 589

Question 38. If I am faced with an ethical dilemma or a conflict between values in the workplace, I know where I can go for help in resolving the situation.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 29 17 9 3 2 2 70 12 154
2020 Non-visible minority 41 33 12 7 4 2 1 76 12 560
2019 Visible minority 36 43 8 4 3 5 1 84 7 156
2019 Non-visible minority 40 36 12 6 4 1 1 78 10 590
2018 Visible minority 39 34 12 6 5 3 1 76 12 148
2018 Non-visible minority 44 39 7 6 2 1 1 85 8 553
2017 Visible minority 39 36 10 6 4 3 3 80 10 141
2017 Non-visible minority 48 34 10 4 2 2 0 84 6 649
2014 Visible minority 47 38 7 2 4 3 0 87 6 108
2014 Non-visible minority 49 34 8 4 3 1 1 84 7 543

Question 39. My department or agency does a good job of promoting values and ethics in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 34 21 3 3 1 1 73 6 154
2020 Non-visible minority 42 36 15 5 2 1 0 78 7 559
2019 Visible minority 37 42 11 4 4 2 0 80 8 154
2019 Non-visible minority 36 37 17 7 3 1 0 73 11 587
2018 Visible minority 33 40 14 8 3 2 0 74 12 147
2018 Non-visible minority 41 39 12 5 2 0 0 81 7 550

Question 40. I feel I can initiate a formal recourse process (e.g., grievance, complaint, appeal) without fear of reprisal.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 17 24 26 12 10 9 4 46 24 154
2020 Non-visible minority 25 22 18 13 9 10 3 54 25 560
2019 Visible minority 20 32 20 11 9 8 1 57 21 156
2019 Non-visible minority 22 23 19 15 12 7 2 49 30 590
2018 Visible minority 15 23 22 18 10 10 2 43 32 148
2018 Non-visible minority 22 25 19 14 11 7 1 52 27 552
2017 Visible minority 15 26 22 16 11 8 2 45 30 141
2017 Non-visible minority 23 22 18 15 13 7 2 50 30 652
2014 Visible minority 21 23 16 15 13 9 2 50 32 108
2014 Non-visible minority 20 24 17 15 14 9 1 49 33 543

Question 41. My department or agency does a good job of supporting employee career development.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 20 30 22 17 9 1 1 51 26 152
2020 Non-visible minority 31 34 16 12 6 1 0 66 18 559
2019 Visible minority 24 34 22 10 8 2 0 60 18 156
2019 Non-visible minority 27 36 13 15 8 0 0 64 23 592
2018 Visible minority 22 39 15 15 7 2 0 62 23 149
2018 Non-visible minority 35 35 13 11 6 0 0 70 17 551
2017 Visible minority 38 33 16 8 4 1 1 73 12 140
2017 Non-visible minority 43 32 10 8 5 2 0 77 13 652
2014 Visible minority 33 30 16 9 10 2 0 64 20 108
2014 Non-visible minority 37 33 10 11 8 1 0 70 19 543

Question 42. I believe I have opportunities for promotion within my department or agency, given my education, skills and experience.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 13 17 27 22 18 2 3 31 41 154
2020 Non-visible minority 19 27 19 16 14 2 2 48 32 561
2019 Visible minority 17 23 21 14 20 3 2 42 36 156
2019 Non-visible minority 19 23 15 18 21 1 2 44 41 592
2018 Visible minority 17 26 16 22 15 4 1 45 39 148
2018 Non-visible minority 21 28 15 17 17 1 2 50 35 552
2017 Visible minority 13 29 19 20 16 3 0 43 37 141
2017 Non-visible minority 23 26 15 15 16 2 3 52 33 652
2014 Visible minority 19 20 10 24 22 3 3 42 48 108
2014 Non-visible minority 18 23 17 16 20 1 3 43 38 543

Question 43a. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Conflict between my work obligations and my family or personal obligations
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 28 9 4 1 1 8 85 6 154
2020 Non-visible minority 48 25 13 7 3 0 4 76 10 563
2019 Visible minority 58 24 9 3 0 1 4 88 3 156
2019 Non-visible minority 57 23 11 3 2 1 2 83 5 592

Question 43b. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Lack of access to learning opportunities
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 43 31 14 4 2 1 5 79 7 154
2020 Non-visible minority 57 22 13 4 1 1 3 81 5 562
2019 Visible minority 42 29 16 5 3 3 3 75 8 156
2019 Non-visible minority 50 25 12 6 3 1 2 78 10 590

Question 43c. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Discrimination
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 56 13 8 4 5 10 3 80 11 154
2020 Non-visible minority 78 7 5 2 2 2 5 91 4 559
2019 Visible minority 59 14 8 3 3 10 3 84 7 156
2019 Non-visible minority 78 7 4 3 2 3 4 90 5 589

Question 43d. To what extent have the following adversely affected your career progress in the federal public service over the last 12 months? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 68 12 3 2 2 3 11 92 5 152
2020 Non-visible minority 77 9 3 1 1 1 8 95 2 563
2019 Visible minority 74 8 5 1 0 4 9 94 1 156
2019 Non-visible minority 81 5 2 1 0 2 9 96 2 590

Question 44. I feel I would be supported by my department or agency if I proposed a new idea.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 18 44 23 8 3 4 1 65 11 154
2020 Non-visible minority 30 45 16 6 1 1 0 76 8 561
2019 Visible minority 18 46 20 10 1 4 1 68 11 156
2019 Non-visible minority 27 40 16 10 5 1 0 69 15 590
2018 Visible minority 20 37 25 11 4 2 1 59 16 147
2018 Non-visible minority 31 37 18 8 4 1 0 69 13 552
2017 Visible minority 14 45 20 11 3 5 1 63 15 141
2017 Non-visible minority 28 38 18 8 4 3 0 69 13 649

Question 45. I think that my department or agency respects individual differences (e.g., culture, work styles, ideas, abilities).
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 41 12 6 3 1 0 79 9 152
2020 Non-visible minority 42 39 11 6 1 1 0 82 7 562
2019 Visible minority 35 44 12 5 2 2 0 81 7 156
2019 Non-visible minority 40 38 12 7 2 1 0 79 9 587
2018 Visible minority 40 41 13 3 3 1 0 82 6 147
2018 Non-visible minority 50 33 10 5 2 1 0 84 7 551
2017 Visible minority 38 42 13 4 1 1 1 82 5 142
2017 Non-visible minority 44 38 10 4 2 2 0 84 6 648
2014 Visible minority 50 27 12 6 5 1 0 77 10 108
2014 Non-visible minority 47 34 10 7 2 1 0 81 9 543

Question 46. My department or agency implements activities and practices that support a diverse workplace.

A diverse workplace includes everyone, regardless of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital or family status, religion, age, language, culture, background, interests, views or other dimensions.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 34 7 9 3 1 0 81 12 154
2020 Non-visible minority 56 30 9 4 1 1 0 86 5 561
2019 Visible minority 40 40 13 3 1 3 0 83 4 156
2019 Non-visible minority 48 31 12 3 1 4 0 82 5 590
2018 Visible minority 38 35 17 4 4 2 0 74 8 146
2018 Non-visible minority 50 32 11 3 1 3 0 85 4 552
2017 Visible minority 35 36 18 5 2 3 1 74 7 141
2017 Non-visible minority 50 31 12 3 1 4 0 84 4 651
2014 Visible minority 51 26 9 7 3 4 0 80 10 107
2014 Non-visible minority 50 33 10 2 2 2 0 85 4 543

Question 47. My department or agency implements initiatives that promote anti-racism in the workplace.

Anti-racism may be promoted by providing access to anti-racism training, and promoting awareness of resources and self-directed learning on anti-racism.

Anti-racism is an active and consistent process of change to eliminate individual, institutional and systemic racism.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 49 35 8 3 2 3 0 86 5 153
2020 Non-visible minority 59 28 7 2 1 2 1 90 3 560

Question 48. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns about issues related to racism in the workplace with a person of authority (e.g., immediate supervisor, senior manager, ombudsman, human resources advisor).

Racism refers to any individual action or institutional practice which treats people differently because of their colour or ethnicity.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 30 15 10 4 5 1 70 15 153
2020 Non-visible minority 53 26 8 5 3 4 3 84 8 561

Question 49. Overall, my department or agency treats me with respect.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 53 37 6 4 1 0 0 89 5 153
2020 Non-visible minority 60 29 6 3 1 0 0 89 5 563
2019 Visible minority 51 37 8 3 1 1 0 89 3 156
2019 Non-visible minority 51 34 9 4 2 0 0 85 6 591
2018 Visible minority 46 43 7 3 2 0 0 89 4 148
2018 Non-visible minority 58 31 6 4 1 0 0 89 5 552
2017 Visible minority 48 38 9 3 2 0 0 86 5 142
2017 Non-visible minority 51 33 9 5 2 0 0 84 7 652
2014 Visible minority 55 32 6 5 3 0 0 87 8 108
2014 Non-visible minority 51 34 8 5 2 0 0 86 7 543

Question 50. I would recommend my department or agency as a great place to work.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 47 34 16 3 0 1 0 81 3 153
2020 Non-visible minority 51 31 12 4 2 0 0 83 5 563
2019 Visible minority 48 29 17 4 0 1 0 78 4 156
2019 Non-visible minority 43 31 15 6 5 1 0 75 10 589
2018 Visible minority 38 37 18 5 3 0 0 75 7 148
2018 Non-visible minority 48 33 11 5 3 0 0 81 8 547
2017 Visible minority 48 31 16 3 2 0 0 79 5 140
2017 Non-visible minority 47 30 14 5 3 0 0 78 9 650
2014 Visible minority 41 37 13 5 4 0 0 78 8 108
2014 Non-visible minority 39 37 14 7 4 0 0 76 10 543

Question 51. I am satisfied with my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 42 41 13 2 1 0 0 83 3 152
2020 Non-visible minority 49 32 12 5 1 0 0 82 6 554
2019 Visible minority 43 35 15 7 1 1 0 78 7 156
2019 Non-visible minority 40 36 12 9 3 0 0 75 12 588
2018 Visible minority 32 47 13 6 2 0 0 79 8 146
2018 Non-visible minority 47 34 10 7 2 0 0 81 9 547
2017 Visible minority 44 35 13 6 2 0 0 79 8 140
2017 Non-visible minority 44 35 11 7 3 0 0 79 10 652
2014 Visible minority 40 37 11 8 4 0 0 77 11 108
2014 Non-visible minority 40 35 13 9 3 0 0 75 12 543

Question 52. I would prefer to remain with my department or agency, even if a comparable job was available elsewhere in the federal public service.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 28 20 9 5 1 0 66 14 152
2020 Non-visible minority 43 26 18 6 5 1 1 71 11 562
2019 Visible minority 36 26 20 9 4 4 0 65 14 156
2019 Non-visible minority 35 27 17 12 6 2 0 64 19 592
2018 Visible minority 27 26 25 16 6 1 0 53 22 147
2018 Non-visible minority 42 26 15 9 5 2 0 69 15 553
2017 Visible minority 35 24 18 11 5 6 0 63 17 141
2017 Non-visible minority 37 27 14 10 6 3 2 68 17 651
2014 Visible minority 37 26 17 8 8 4 0 66 17 108
2014 Non-visible minority 36 28 16 12 5 2 1 66 18 543
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Mobility and Retention

Question 53. Do you intend to leave your current position in the next two years?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Not sure
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 18 41 41 154
2020 Non-visible minority 23 44 33 562
2019 Visible minority 21 43 36 156
2019 Non-visible minority 30 36 34 592
2018 Visible minority 22 39 39 149
2018 Non-visible minority 23 41 36 555
2017 Visible minority 23 35 41 142
2017 Non-visible minority 27 40 33 651
2014 Visible minority 15 45 40 108
2014 Non-visible minority 23 40 37 543

Question 54. Please indicate your reason for leaving.
Survey year Demographic To retire
(%)		 To pursue another position within my department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position in another department or agency
(%)		 To pursue a position outside the federal public service
(%)		 End of my term, casual or student employment
(%)		 Other
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 18 32 29 7 3 11 28
2020 Non-visible minority 23 31 34 5 4 3 133
2019 Visible minority 3 24 18 21 21 12 31
2019 Non-visible minority 17 18 41 5 15 4 177
2018 Visible minority 6 21 49 5 13 6 32
2018 Non-visible minority 19 31 31 3 12 2 124
2017 Visible minority 18 24 30 12 12 4 33
2017 Non-visible minority 19 23 28 7 17 6 174
2014 Visible minority 13 30 44 6 9999 6 16
2014 Non-visible minority 21 26 31 16 9999 6 127
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Harassment

Harassment is normally a series of incidents, but it can be one severe incident that has a lasting impact on the individual. Harassment is any improper conduct by an individual that is directed at and offensive to another individual in the workplace, including at any event or any location related to work, and that the individual knew or ought reasonably to have known would cause offence or harm. It comprises objectionable act(s), comment(s) or display(s) that demean, belittle, or cause personal humiliation or embarrassment, and any act of intimidation or threat. It also includes harassment within the meaning of the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 55. Having carefully read the definition of harassment, have you been the victim of harassment on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 14 86 154
2020 Non-visible minority 9 91 560
2019 Visible minority 12 88 156
2019 Non-visible minority 11 89 589
2018 Visible minority 14 86 148
2018 Non-visible minority 13 87 554

Question 56a. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 64 36 22
2020 Non-visible minority 68 32 48
2019 Visible minority 55 45 18
2019 Non-visible minority 64 36 67
2018 Visible minority 44 56 21
2018 Non-visible minority 49 51 70

Question 56b. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 55 45 22
2020 Non-visible minority 44 56 48
2019 Visible minority 55 45 18
2019 Non-visible minority 51 49 67
2018 Visible minority 72 28 21
2018 Non-visible minority 65 35 70

Question 56c. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals working for me
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 0 100 18
2019 Non-visible minority 9 91 67

Question 56d. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 22
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 48
2019 Visible minority 0 100 18
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 67
2018 Visible minority 0 100 21
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 70

Question 56e. From whom did you experience harassment on the job? Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 22
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 48

Question 57a. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Aggressive behaviour
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 46 22
2020 Non-visible minority 46 54 48
2019 Visible minority 35 65 17
2019 Non-visible minority 49 51 66
2018 Visible minority 48 52 21
2018 Non-visible minority 44 56 70

Question 57b. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Excessive control
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 46 54 22
2020 Non-visible minority 27 73 48
2019 Visible minority 48 52 17
2019 Non-visible minority 47 53 66
2018 Visible minority 39 61 21
2018 Non-visible minority 39 61 70

Question 57c. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Being excluded or being ignored

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 60 40 22
2020 Non-visible minority 42 58 48
2019 Visible minority 42 58 17
2019 Non-visible minority 56 44 66
2018 Visible minority 31 69 21
2018 Non-visible minority 48 52 70

Question 57d. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Humiliation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 59 41 22
2020 Non-visible minority 35 65 48
2019 Visible minority 53 47 17
2019 Non-visible minority 44 56 66
2018 Visible minority 43 57 21
2018 Non-visible minority 40 60 70

Question 57e. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Interference with work or withholding resources
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 60 22
2020 Non-visible minority 34 66 48
2019 Visible minority 30 70 17
2019 Non-visible minority 47 53 66
2018 Visible minority 44 56 21
2018 Non-visible minority 30 70 70

Question 57f. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Offensive remark
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 46 22
2020 Non-visible minority 52 48 48
2019 Visible minority 36 64 17
2019 Non-visible minority 47 53 66
2018 Visible minority 58 42 21
2018 Non-visible minority 59 41 70

Question 57g. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Personal attack
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 27 73 22
2020 Non-visible minority 38 62 48
2019 Visible minority 29 71 17
2019 Non-visible minority 33 67 66
2018 Visible minority 33 67 21
2018 Non-visible minority 38 62 70

Question 57h. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Physical violence
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 22
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 48
2019 Visible minority 0 100 17
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 66
2018 Visible minority 0 100 21
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 70

Question 57k. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Unfair treatment
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 50 22
2020 Non-visible minority 48 52 48
2019 Visible minority 58 42 17
2019 Non-visible minority 46 54 66
2018 Visible minority 41 59 21
2018 Non-visible minority 49 51 70

Question 57l. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Yelling or shouting
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 64 22
2020 Non-visible minority 23 77 48
2019 Visible minority 29 71 17
2019 Non-visible minority 33 67 66
2018 Visible minority 23 77 21
2018 Non-visible minority 24 76 70

Question 57m. Please indicate the nature of the harassment you experienced. Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 0 100 17
2019 Non-visible minority 14 86 66
2018 Visible minority 0 100 21
2018 Non-visible minority 15 85 70

Question 58a. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 55 22
2020 Non-visible minority 56 44 48
2019 Visible minority 49 51 16
2019 Non-visible minority 64 36 66
2018 Visible minority 50 50 20
2018 Non-visible minority 55 45 70

Question 58b. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I discussed the matter with the person(s) from whom I experienced the harassment.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 40 60 22
2020 Non-visible minority 18 82 48
2019 Visible minority 37 63 16
2019 Non-visible minority 35 65 66
2018 Visible minority 24 76 20
2018 Non-visible minority 26 74 70

Question 58c. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I contacted a human resources advisor in my department or agency.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 0 100 16
2019 Non-visible minority 17 83 66

Question 58e. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I used an informal conflict resolution process.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 20
2018 Non-visible minority 12 88 70

Question 58f. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I filed a grievance or formal complaint.

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 22
2020 Non-visible minority 11 89 48

Question 58g. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2019 Visible minority 0 100 16
2019 Non-visible minority 11 89 66

Question 58i. What action(s) did you take to address the harassment you experienced? I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 37 63 22
2020 Non-visible minority 33 67 48
2018 Visible minority 29 71 20
2018 Non-visible minority 19 81 70

Question 59d. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? The individual apologized.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 19
2018 Non-visible minority 10 90 66

Question 59e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 19
2018 Non-visible minority 14 86 66

Question 59j. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I had concerns about the formal complaint process (e.g., confidentiality, how long it would take).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 55 22
2020 Non-visible minority 38 62 43
2018 Visible minority 32 68 19
2018 Non-visible minority 33 67 66

Question 59l. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I was afraid of reprisal (e.g., having limited career advancement, being labelled a troublemaker).
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 68 32 22
2020 Non-visible minority 40 60 43
2018 Visible minority 63 37 19
2018 Non-visible minority 51 49 66

Question 59n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 63 37 22
2020 Non-visible minority 66 34 43
2018 Visible minority 58 42 19
2018 Non-visible minority 52 48 66

Question 59p. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the harassment you experienced? Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 19
2018 Non-visible minority 12 88 66

Question 60. I am satisfied with how matters related to harassment are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 16 21 17 6 8 26 5 55 20 150
2020 Non-visible minority 20 16 14 8 5 29 8 58 20 563
2019 Visible minority 16 17 20 8 6 28 6 50 20 156
2019 Non-visible minority 20 15 16 11 9 23 7 49 29 592
2018 Visible minority 16 18 16 6 6 32 6 54 20 146
2018 Non-visible minority 21 19 18 8 6 22 6 55 20 552
2017 Visible minority 15 26 13 7 5 25 9 62 18 142
2017 Non-visible minority 17 14 19 9 7 27 8 47 23 651
2014 Visible minority 21 15 18 8 8 23 8 52 22 108
2014 Non-visible minority 18 17 18 9 8 23 7 50 24 542

Question 61. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents harassment.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 36 12 7 4 6 1 76 11 154
2020 Non-visible minority 40 30 14 5 3 6 1 76 9 562
2019 Visible minority 37 28 18 7 2 6 1 70 10 156
2019 Non-visible minority 34 30 14 9 5 7 1 70 15 591
2018 Visible minority 32 31 16 7 4 10 1 71 12 148
2018 Non-visible minority 37 30 17 5 4 5 1 71 10 553
2017 Visible minority 31 33 15 3 4 12 1 75 8 142
2017 Non-visible minority 32 30 17 8 3 8 1 69 12 650
2014 Visible minority 39 28 17 5 5 6 1 72 10 108
2014 Non-visible minority 33 33 14 8 5 7 1 71 14 543
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Discrimination

Discrimination means treating someone differently or unfairly because of a personal characteristic or distinction,which, whether intentional or not, has an effect that imposes disadvantages not imposed on others or that withholds or limits access that is given to others. There are 13 prohibited grounds of discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered).

Question 62. Having carefully read the definition of discrimination, have you been the victim of discrimination on the job in the past 12 months?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 14 86 154
2020 Non-visible minority 6 94 561
2019 Visible minority 7 93 156
2019 Non-visible minority 7 93 591
2018 Visible minority 9 91 148
2018 Non-visible minority 7 93 554

Question 63a. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Co-workers
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 62 21
2020 Non-visible minority 29 71 35

Question 63d. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals for whom I have a custodial responsibility (e.g., inmates, offenders, patients, detainees)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 21
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 35
2019 Visible minority 0 100 10
2019 Non-visible minority 0 100 40
2018 Visible minority 0 100 14
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 38

Question 63e. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Individuals from other departments or agencies
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 21
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 35

Question 63g. From whom did you experience discrimination on the job? Other
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 14
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 38

Question 64b. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. National or ethnic origin
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 38 62 21
2020 Non-visible minority 17 83 35

Question 64e. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Age
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 33 67 21
2020 Non-visible minority 63 37 35

Question 64g. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Sexual orientation
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 14
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 38

Question 64k. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 14
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 38

Question 64m. Please indicate the type of discrimination you experienced. Pardoned conviction or suspended record
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 0 100 21
2020 Non-visible minority 0 100 35
2018 Visible minority 0 100 14
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 38

Question 65a. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I discussed the matter with my supervisor or a senior manager.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 29 71 21
2020 Non-visible minority 23 77 35

Question 65g. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I resolved the matter informally on my own.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 14
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 38

Question 65i. What action(s) did you take to address the discrimination you experienced? I took no action.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 57 43 21
2020 Non-visible minority 60 40 35
2018 Visible minority 57 43 14
2018 Non-visible minority 66 34 38

Question 66a. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? The issue was resolved.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 13
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 37

Question 66c. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? The behaviour stopped.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 13
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 37

Question 66e. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? Management intervened.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 13
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 37

Question 66m. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? Someone threatened me.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 0 100 13
2018 Non-visible minority 0 100 37

Question 66n. Why did you not file a grievance or formal complaint about the discrimination you experienced? I did not believe it would make a difference.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2018 Visible minority 62 38 13
2018 Non-visible minority 65 35 37

Question 67. I am satisfied with how matters related to discrimination are resolved in my department or agency.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 19 22 16 4 7 29 3 61 16 153
2020 Non-visible minority 22 15 14 4 2 32 9 64 12 561
2019 Visible minority 21 15 18 6 3 31 7 59 13 156
2019 Non-visible minority 24 14 16 4 4 29 9 62 13 592
2018 Visible minority 19 13 19 1 6 38 5 55 12 147
2018 Non-visible minority 25 15 17 3 3 29 8 64 9 553
2017 Visible minority 23 17 11 3 3 35 7 71 10 141
2017 Non-visible minority 20 13 16 3 2 38 8 61 9 652
2014 Visible minority 26 13 18 6 3 28 7 60 13 108
2014 Non-visible minority 20 16 18 2 2 33 9 62 7 543

Question 68. My department or agency works hard to create a workplace that prevents discrimination.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 37 8 7 3 7 2 80 11 154
2020 Non-visible minority 45 29 11 6 2 7 1 80 8 558
2019 Visible minority 39 23 17 6 3 9 3 70 11 156
2019 Non-visible minority 42 26 14 4 2 10 2 77 7 591
2018 Visible minority 35 24 18 3 4 15 1 71 8 147
2018 Non-visible minority 40 30 16 3 3 7 1 77 6 553
2017 Visible minority 37 27 14 3 2 15 2 77 6 141
2017 Non-visible minority 37 29 14 3 2 14 2 79 5 649
2014 Visible minority 38 27 16 4 3 10 2 74 8 108
2014 Non-visible minority 37 31 14 3 1 13 2 79 5 542
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Stress and Well-Being

Question 70a. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Risk of exposure to COVID-19

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 29 33 15 12 8 0 3 64 20 153
2020 Non-visible minority 44 30 14 8 3 0 1 75 11 561

Question 70b. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Pay or other compensation-related issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 52 27 11 4 5 0 2 80 9 153
2020 Non-visible minority 60 23 9 5 2 0 0 84 6 559
2019 Visible minority 39 28 17 6 6 1 2 70 12 154
2019 Non-visible minority 53 24 11 7 4 0 0 78 11 589
2018 Visible minority 37 30 22 5 3 0 3 69 8 148
2018 Non-visible minority 47 31 12 5 5 0 0 79 9 552
2017 Visible minority 39 30 15 5 5 0 6 73 11 138
2017 Non-visible minority 43 28 16 6 3 1 3 75 9 648

Question 70c. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Heavy workload
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 16 29 30 17 9 0 0 44 26 154
2020 Non-visible minority 16 24 28 19 13 0 0 40 32 561
2019 Visible minority 18 39 24 8 9 2 0 59 17 156
2019 Non-visible minority 18 31 25 15 10 0 1 50 25 591
2018 Visible minority 16 30 30 14 8 0 2 47 22 147
2018 Non-visible minority 18 28 28 16 10 0 0 46 26 553
2017 Visible minority 16 27 26 17 9 2 2 45 28 140
2017 Non-visible minority 17 31 27 12 11 0 1 49 24 651

Question 70d. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Unreasonable deadlines
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 22 39 24 10 5 0 1 61 15 153
2020 Non-visible minority 24 32 24 11 7 1 1 57 19 558
2019 Visible minority 31 39 18 7 3 2 0 71 10 156
2019 Non-visible minority 29 35 20 9 6 1 1 65 15 589
2018 Visible minority 25 33 26 10 3 0 3 59 14 147
2018 Non-visible minority 29 33 24 8 5 0 1 63 13 553
2017 Visible minority 22 35 19 12 4 2 4 62 17 138
2017 Non-visible minority 26 37 21 11 3 0 1 64 15 650

Question 70e. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Not enough employees to do the work
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 16 31 25 12 11 2 3 49 25 154
2020 Non-visible minority 22 26 22 16 13 1 1 49 29 558
2019 Visible minority 24 34 18 11 11 1 1 59 22 155
2019 Non-visible minority 22 26 23 16 13 0 1 48 29 589
2018 Visible minority 22 28 24 11 11 2 3 52 23 147
2018 Non-visible minority 25 28 20 16 10 0 1 54 26 551
2017 Visible minority 20 28 17 16 12 4 4 51 30 140
2017 Non-visible minority 23 27 24 12 11 2 2 51 24 650

Question 70f. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Overtime or long work hours
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 36 33 15 4 7 1 4 72 11 150
2020 Non-visible minority 40 28 17 8 6 0 1 69 14 558
2019 Visible minority 52 25 12 3 2 2 3 82 5 155
2019 Non-visible minority 52 27 13 5 3 0 1 80 7 591
2018 Visible minority 45 25 20 7 1 0 2 71 8 144
2018 Non-visible minority 45 29 14 6 3 0 2 77 9 551
2017 Visible minority 39 25 13 9 4 1 8 71 15 137
2017 Non-visible minority 45 29 14 5 3 1 4 77 9 650

Question 70g. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Balancing work and personal life
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 35 23 13 6 1 0 59 18 153
2020 Non-visible minority 23 29 23 14 10 0 0 53 24 561
2019 Visible minority 38 34 16 6 5 1 1 73 11 154
2019 Non-visible minority 36 33 16 8 6 0 0 70 14 590
2018 Visible minority 30 34 18 10 6 0 3 65 17 149
2018 Non-visible minority 36 30 19 9 6 0 0 66 15 552
2017 Visible minority 29 30 22 11 4 1 3 61 16 138
2017 Non-visible minority 31 34 20 9 5 1 0 66 14 648

Question 70h. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Balancing work and caregiving responsibilities (e.g., children, elderly, family member(s)) during the COVID-19 pandemic
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 28 30 17 9 7 0 9 64 17 151
2020 Non-visible minority 31 30 16 9 8 0 6 65 18 557

Question 70i. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of control or input in decision-making
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 32 39 15 8 3 0 2 73 12 151
2020 Non-visible minority 36 34 18 7 2 1 1 71 10 557
2019 Visible minority 26 42 18 8 2 2 2 71 11 154
2019 Non-visible minority 29 37 20 7 7 0 0 66 14 592
2018 Visible minority 20 37 28 8 3 1 2 59 12 146
2018 Non-visible minority 31 33 23 9 3 0 1 64 13 548
2017 Visible minority 22 37 21 11 4 3 4 62 15 138
2017 Non-visible minority 29 35 21 8 5 1 1 65 13 648

Question 70j. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Competing or constantly changing priorities
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 26 37 19 10 6 0 1 64 16 149
2020 Non-visible minority 26 39 21 8 4 0 1 66 13 554
2019 Visible minority 26 41 16 9 6 1 1 68 15 154
2019 Non-visible minority 25 35 21 12 6 0 1 61 18 591
2018 Visible minority 21 42 25 8 3 0 1 64 11 146
2018 Non-visible minority 26 33 24 9 5 0 2 61 14 548
2017 Visible minority 24 34 25 9 3 2 3 61 13 139
2017 Non-visible minority 26 35 24 10 5 0 1 61 15 648

Question 70k. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of clear expectations
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 32 32 21 8 3 1 3 66 12 150
2020 Non-visible minority 33 34 19 10 3 0 0 67 13 556
2019 Visible minority 30 33 22 9 4 1 1 64 13 155
2019 Non-visible minority 28 35 18 11 8 0 0 63 19 589
2018 Visible minority 27 28 26 13 6 0 1 55 19 148
2018 Non-visible minority 30 33 20 11 5 0 1 63 16 551
2017 Visible minority 24 33 22 10 7 2 1 60 18 138
2017 Non-visible minority 28 34 20 9 6 1 1 64 16 647

Question 70l. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of recognition
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 31 31 17 11 7 1 3 64 18 150
2020 Non-visible minority 46 26 16 6 5 0 1 73 11 552
2019 Visible minority 39 25 20 7 7 2 0 66 14 155
2019 Non-visible minority 43 25 16 7 8 0 0 69 15 590

Question 70m. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Feeling disconnected from colleagues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 23 30 26 13 6 0 3 54 19 151
2020 Non-visible minority 22 30 25 17 6 1 0 52 23 551

Question 70n. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Information overload

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 27 33 23 10 4 1 2 62 14 151
2020 Non-visible minority 27 34 24 10 5 0 0 61 15 556
2019 Visible minority 38 37 14 6 2 2 1 78 8 155
2019 Non-visible minority 37 33 20 6 3 0 1 70 10 587
2018 Visible minority 26 40 22 9 1 1 2 68 9 145
2018 Non-visible minority 33 30 22 10 3 0 1 64 13 549
2017 Visible minority 29 36 20 7 2 1 3 69 10 136
2017 Non-visible minority 33 35 18 9 3 1 1 69 12 649

Question 70o. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Physical work environment
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 31 14 4 1 1 5 80 6 152
2020 Non-visible minority 49 31 14 4 2 0 1 80 6 550
2019 Visible minority 61 25 6 3 2 2 1 89 5 155
2019 Non-visible minority 61 22 11 3 2 0 1 84 5 587
2018 Visible minority 51 26 12 6 1 1 3 80 8 146
2018 Non-visible minority 62 23 7 4 1 0 1 87 6 550
2017 Visible minority 63 20 10 2 4 0 1 84 6 138
2017 Non-visible minority 60 23 9 3 2 0 2 85 5 649

Question 70p. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Difficulty accessing my work tools or network (e.g., work email, work device, ergonomic equipment)
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 35 41 12 6 3 0 3 78 9 153
2020 Non-visible minority 40 38 14 5 3 0 1 78 8 554

Question 70q. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Accessibility or accommodation issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 63 19 5 2 0 1 10 93 2 151
2020 Non-visible minority 76 13 5 1 1 0 4 93 2 551
2019 Visible minority 73 14 4 2 0 1 6 94 2 153
2019 Non-visible minority 78 11 3 1 1 0 6 95 2 586
2018 Visible minority 64 20 8 1 1 1 4 89 3 145
2018 Non-visible minority 76 15 4 1 0 0 4 94 1 549

Question 70r. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Harassment or discrimination
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 65 11 4 5 4 2 10 86 10 152
2020 Non-visible minority 80 10 4 1 2 1 2 93 3 551
2019 Visible minority 62 14 9 2 6 3 5 83 8 155
2019 Non-visible minority 73 10 7 5 3 1 2 85 8 590
2018 Visible minority 67 14 7 4 5 2 1 84 9 144
2018 Non-visible minority 71 14 6 2 4 0 3 87 6 549
2017 Visible minority 64 18 9 2 5 0 2 84 7 140
2017 Non-visible minority 73 13 6 2 2 1 3 89 5 651

Question 70s. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with my co-worker(s)
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 63 24 7 1 1 1 3 90 2 153
2020 Non-visible minority 59 26 10 2 1 1 1 87 3 552
2019 Visible minority 51 30 10 3 2 1 2 84 6 154
2019 Non-visible minority 48 30 13 5 3 0 1 79 8 588
2018 Visible minority 52 29 10 6 1 1 1 82 8 146
2018 Non-visible minority 47 31 14 5 2 0 1 79 7 554
2017 Visible minority 54 31 7 4 4 0 1 85 7 139
2017 Non-visible minority 49 32 10 4 2 0 2 83 6 650

Question 70t. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with individual(s) with authority over me
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 15 7 4 5 3 5 83 9 151
2020 Non-visible minority 68 17 7 3 2 0 1 87 6 550
2019 Visible minority 58 21 11 2 4 1 3 82 6 155
2019 Non-visible minority 58 19 11 5 6 0 1 78 11 586
2018 Visible minority 57 17 14 5 5 1 1 76 10 146
2018 Non-visible minority 52 25 11 6 5 0 1 78 11 552
2017 Visible minority 57 17 11 6 7 0 2 75 13 140
2017 Non-visible minority 58 21 10 5 4 0 2 81 9 650

Question 70u. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with individual(s) working for me
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 10 2 0 0 1 25 97 0 151
2020 Non-visible minority 60 10 3 1 1 0 25 93 2 552
2019 Visible minority 57 16 4 0 0 1 22 95 0 154
2019 Non-visible minority 54 10 4 2 1 0 29 90 4 589
2018 Visible minority 62 9 5 2 1 1 21 90 4 146
2018 Non-visible minority 49 12 5 2 1 0 31 89 4 554
2017 Visible minority 58 15 4 0 1 0 23 95 1 139
2017 Non-visible minority 53 13 5 1 0 0 26 91 2 649

Question 70v. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Issue(s) with other individual(s) (e.g., members of the public, individuals from other departments or agencies)

Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 70 17 4 1 0 0 9 95 1 152
2020 Non-visible minority 71 18 5 2 1 0 3 92 2 560
2019 Visible minority 68 17 6 0 0 1 8 94 0 155
2019 Non-visible minority 68 17 6 2 1 0 6 91 3 591
2018 Visible minority 67 19 3 1 0 1 10 95 1 144
2018 Non-visible minority 67 19 6 1 1 0 7 92 2 553
2017 Visible minority 64 21 4 1 0 0 12 95 1 140
2017 Non-visible minority 67 16 7 1 1 0 7 90 2 646

Question 70w. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Lack of job security
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 65 20 5 4 2 1 4 89 6 153
2020 Non-visible minority 77 15 3 2 2 1 1 94 3 561
2019 Visible minority 62 16 7 6 2 3 4 84 9 155
2019 Non-visible minority 71 14 6 4 4 0 1 86 8 591
2018 Visible minority 63 17 8 4 5 1 2 82 10 146
2018 Non-visible minority 72 13 7 3 3 0 2 87 6 553
2017 Visible minority 63 13 9 5 6 0 4 79 12 140
2017 Non-visible minority 71 13 7 3 2 0 4 87 5 648

Question 70x. Overall, to what extent do the following factors cause you stress at work? Personal issues
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 55 22 15 3 1 1 4 80 4 153
2020 Non-visible minority 42 34 16 4 2 0 1 78 7 558
2019 Visible minority 59 23 9 2 1 1 5 87 3 155
2019 Non-visible minority 58 27 10 2 1 0 1 87 3 587
2018 Visible minority 53 26 12 3 2 1 3 83 5 146
2018 Non-visible minority 51 31 10 3 2 0 2 84 5 553
2017 Visible minority 52 28 8 3 4 1 6 85 7 140
2017 Non-visible minority 49 29 14 3 3 0 2 81 5 647

Question 71. To what extent is stress from the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacting your ability to carry out day-to-day work responsibilities?
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 29 44 19 5 3 1 0 73 8 152
2020 Non-visible minority 28 45 20 4 2 1 0 74 6 559

Question 72. Overall, my level of work-related stress is...

Survey year Demographic Very low
(%)		 Low
(%)		 Moderate
(%)		 High
(%)		 Very High
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 14 36 34 11 4 1 0 50 15 152
2020 Non-visible minority 10 35 36 14 3 0 0 45 18 562
2019 Visible minority 19 42 28 8 3 0 1 61 11 156
2019 Non-visible minority 12 38 34 12 4 0 0 50 16 592
2018 Visible minority 15 37 30 14 3 1 0 53 17 147
2018 Non-visible minority 15 37 34 10 3 0 0 52 14 555
2017 Visible minority 11 34 37 12 6 1 0 45 17 142
2017 Non-visible minority 13 34 39 9 5 0 0 47 14 652

Question 73. After my workday, I feel emotionally drained.
Survey year Demographic Always/Almost always
(%)		 Often
(%)		 Sometimes
(%)		 Rarely
(%)		 Never/Almost never
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 10 17 47 22 3 1 0 25 28 152
2020 Non-visible minority 10 21 41 20 7 0 0 27 32 554
2019 Visible minority 6 10 43 32 9 1 1 41 15 156
2019 Non-visible minority 8 21 36 26 9 0 0 34 29 586
2018 Visible minority 7 16 38 30 8 1 1 38 23 148
2018 Non-visible minority 7 15 43 24 11 0 0 35 22 549
2017 Visible minority 8 17 43 21 8 1 2 30 25 141
2017 Non-visible minority 6 17 41 25 10 0 0 36 23 650

Question 74. My department or agency does a good job of raising awareness of mental health in the workplace.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 47 44 5 3 0 1 0 92 3 152
2020 Non-visible minority 59 33 5 2 0 1 0 92 2 562
2019 Visible minority 38 44 11 5 0 2 0 84 5 156
2019 Non-visible minority 45 37 11 4 2 2 0 84 6 589
2018 Visible minority 44 36 11 6 1 3 0 82 7 148
2018 Non-visible minority 54 34 8 2 1 1 0 89 3 552
2017 Visible minority 39 44 6 4 1 5 1 89 5 142
2017 Non-visible minority 45 40 9 2 2 2 0 87 4 651

Question 75. I believe senior managers in my department or agency take adequate steps to support the mental health of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 45 38 10 5 1 1 0 84 6 153
2020 Non-visible minority 54 30 7 7 1 1 0 85 8 561

Question 76. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my mental health.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 43 22 13 11 7 2 3 68 18 152
2020 Non-visible minority 49 23 9 11 7 1 0 73 18 562

Question 77. My immediate supervisor supports my mental health and well-being.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 53 23 9 3 3 6 3 83 6 153
2020 Non-visible minority 58 23 10 4 1 2 1 84 5 556

Question 78. I would describe my workplace as being psychologically healthy.

A psychologically healthy workplace is one that promotes employees’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to employee psychological health due to negligent, reckless or intentional acts.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 39 36 11 4 5 5 1 79 10 152
2020 Non-visible minority 41 34 14 7 2 1 0 76 10 562
2019 Visible minority 33 41 13 7 4 2 0 76 11 155
2019 Non-visible minority 29 38 14 10 5 2 0 69 16 589
2018 Visible minority 30 41 17 10 2 1 0 71 11 149
2018 Non-visible minority 36 37 14 8 4 1 0 74 11 552
2017 Visible minority 22 45 16 8 4 4 1 70 13 141
2017 Non-visible minority 25 44 13 11 5 2 0 71 16 650

Question 79a. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Clear and easy to understand.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 31 5 2 0 0 0 93 2 153
2020 Non-visible minority 60 32 5 2 0 0 0 93 2 562

Question 79b. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Provided in a timely manner.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 61 31 5 3 0 0 0 92 3 151
2020 Non-visible minority 61 30 6 3 0 0 0 91 3 560

Question 79c. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Relevant to the work that I do.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 55 35 5 3 0 0 3 93 3 153
2020 Non-visible minority 54 28 13 3 0 1 1 84 3 558

Question 79d. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Consistent with the information provided to me by my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 64 27 4 1 1 1 2 94 2 152
2020 Non-visible minority 64 26 6 2 1 1 0 91 3 560

Question 79e. I feel that the information I receive from my department or agency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is... Available in both official languages.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 71 19 3 0 0 5 2 96 0 152
2020 Non-visible minority 72 15 4 1 0 7 1 94 1 556

Question 80. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, my department or agency has clearly communicated the mental health services and resources that are available to me.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 58 36 3 1 0 1 0 95 1 152
2020 Non-visible minority 70 23 4 2 0 1 0 94 2 563

Question 81. I would feel comfortable sharing concerns with my immediate supervisor about my physical health and safety.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 51 27 14 3 5 0 1 78 8 152
2020 Non-visible minority 60 23 7 6 3 0 0 83 10 561

Question 82. I am satisfied with the measures my department or agency is taking to protect my physical health and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 66 29 4 1 0 1 0 95 1 152
2020 Non-visible minority 72 20 6 1 1 0 0 92 1 562

Question 84. I am equipped to support employees in my work unit who are experiencing mental health issues. (for supervisors)
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 54 30 0 16 0 0 0 84 16 13
2020 Non-visible minority 31 46 8 10 5 1 0 77 15 105
2019 Visible minority 43 50 0 0 0 7 0 100 0 12
2019 Non-visible minority 32 41 9 14 3 1 0 74 18 105

Question 85. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, have you managed any employees who have been working remotely? (for supervisors)
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 100 0 13
2020 Non-visible minority 99 1 105

Question 86. My department or agency has provided me with adequate training and/or resources to manage a remote team during the COVID-19 pandemic. (for supervisors who manage employees who have been working remotely)
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 39 39 0 23 0 0 0 77 23 13
2020 Non-visible minority 21 42 11 15 11 0 0 63 26 104
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Duty to Accommodate

The duty to accommodate refers to the employer’s obligation to eliminate disadvantages to employees, prospective employees or clients that result from a rule, practice or physical barrier that has or that may have an adverse impact on individuals or groups protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act or identified as a designated group under the Employment Equity Act. It applies to all grounds of discrimination covered by the Canadian Human Rights Act (i.e., race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex (including pregnancy and childbirth), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics (including a requirement to undergo a genetic test, or disclose the results of a genetic test), disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered). Employers must provide accommodation up to the point of undue hardship, taking into account essential job requirements.

Please note that the questions about duty to accommodate do not apply to employees who asked for office equipment to work remotely, unless their requests pertain to specific accommodation measures that help to reduce barriers to work, as per the Canadian Human Rights Act.

Question 87. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, did you have workplace accommodation measures in place before the COVID-19 pandemic which are no longer being met?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 10 90 151
2020 Non-visible minority 10 90 560

Question 88. Having carefully read the definition of duty to accommodate, have you requested workplace accommodation measures in the last two years?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 12 88 151
2020 Non-visible minority 10 90 561
2019 Visible minority 12 88 156
2019 Non-visible minority 13 87 592
2017 Visible minority 12 88 139
2017 Non-visible minority 13 87 650
2014 Visible minority 8 92 108
2014 Non-visible minority 11 89 542

Question 89. Were the requests for workplace accommodation measures related to a disability?

A disability means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society.

A barrier means anything — including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice — that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 22 78 18
2020 Non-visible minority 54 46 53

Question 90. Were any workplace accommodation measures implemented?

Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 72 28 18
2020 Non-visible minority 74 26 53
2019 Visible minority 77 23 17
2019 Non-visible minority 85 15 75
2017 Visible minority 82 18 17
2017 Non-visible minority 83 17 83
2014 Non-visible minority 81 19 59

Question 91. I am satisfied with the workplace accommodation measures that were implemented.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 62 23 0 15 0 0 0 85 15 13
2020 Non-visible minority 66 26 3 5 0 0 0 92 5 39
2019 Visible minority 78 22 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 13
2019 Non-visible minority 60 25 9 6 0 0 0 84 6 64
2017 Visible minority 78 7 7 7 0 0 0 86 7 14
2017 Non-visible minority 52 31 4 10 3 0 0 83 13 68
2014 Non-visible minority 75 15 0 8 2 0 0 89 11 48

Question 92. I would feel comfortable requesting workplace accommodation measures from my immediate supervisor.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 25 11 2 3 5 5 83 5 154
2020 Non-visible minority 56 26 7 3 1 3 3 88 5 559
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Compensation

Question 93. In the last 12 months, has your pay or other compensation been affected by issues with the Phoenix pay system?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Not sure
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 8 70 20 2 90 10 154
2020 Non-visible minority 8 77 13 2 91 9 563

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 94. Have all your pay or other compensation issues been resolved?
Survey year Demographic Yes
(%)		 No
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 50 50 12
2020 Non-visible minority 75 25 44

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 95. I am satisfied with the support (e.g., regular information, follow-up, making enquiries on my behalf, offering emergency or priority pay) I received from my department or agency to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.

Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 24 34 24 0 17 0 0 59 17 12
2020 Non-visible minority 48 26 7 14 5 0 0 74 19 43

Of those who indicated that their pay or other compensation had been affected:

Question 96. I am satisfied with the support I received from the Pay Centre to help resolve my pay or other compensation issues.
Survey year Demographic Strongly agree
(%)		 Somewhat agree
(%)		 Neither agree nor disagree
(%)		 Somewhat disagree
(%)		 Strongly disagree
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 24 26 0 9 33 0 9 55 45 12
2020 Non-visible minority 23 18 7 16 13 0 23 53 38 44

Question 97. To what extent have issues with the Phoenix pay system affected your decision to seek or accept another position (e.g., deployment, promotion, secondment, assignment, acting assignment) within your organization or the federal public service?
Survey year Demographic Not at all
(%)		 To a small extent
(%)		 To a moderate extent
(%)		 To a large extent
(%)		 To a very large extent
(%)		 Don't know
(%)		 Not applicable
(%)		 Most positive or least negative answers
(%)		 Least positive or most negative answers
(%)		 Total responses
2020 Visible minority 58 15 5 2 3 5 12 88 6 154
2020 Non-visible minority 58 12 7 5 1 2 15 84 7 559
2019 Visible minority 64 8 8 3 1 4 11 86 5 154
2019 Non-visible minority 57 15 9 5 4 1 8 80 10 590
2018 Visible minority 65 11 4 3 3 4 10 88 8 149
2018 Non-visible minority 58 11 7 6 5 2 12 80 12 552
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