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Correctional Service Canada

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SECTION 4: Other Items of Interest

4.1 Crime Reduction Through Effective Treatment⁴⁸

(Sample Studies)

Target Area	Study	Design/Sample	Result
Education	"A Two Year Follow-up of Federal Offenders who Participated in the Adult Basic Education (ABE) Program" (R. Boe, 1998, R-60).	Compared a sample of male federal offenders who participated in ABE with a national sample of paroled offenders. Follow-up period of 2 years.	718 paroled offenders who completed ABE-8 program had a 7.1% reduction in re-admissions. 74 paroled offenders who completed ABE-10 program had a 21.3% reduction in re-admissions.
Employment	"Prison Work Programs and Post-release Outcome: A Preliminary Investigation" (L. Motiuk & R. Belcourt, 1996, R-43).	Compared a sample of male federal offenders who participated in CORCAN with a national sample of paroled offenders. Follow-up period of 1.5 years.	52 paroled offenders who participated fully in the prison industries program (CORCAN) had a 27.8% reduction in re-admissions.
Substance Abuse	"An Outcome Evaluation of CSC Substance Abuse Programs: OSAPP, ALTO, and Choices Executive Summary (T 3 Associates).	Compared a sample of male federal offenders who participated in OSAPP with a matched sample of offenders. Follow-up period of 1 year.	2,432 offenders completed OSAPP and showed a 14% reduction in re-admissions, and 31% reduction in new convictions.
Personal/ Emotional	"Anger Management Programming for Federal Inmates: An Effective Intervention"(C. Dowden et. al, 1999, R-82).	Compared a matched sample of male federal offenders to an untreated comparison group. Matched on age, risk and major offence. Average follow-up period of 1.5 years.	56 higher risk offenders who completed the Anger Management program showed a 69% reduction in non-violent recidivism and 86% reduction in violent recidivism.
Sex Offenders	"Applying the Risk Principle to Sex Offender Treatment" [A. Gordon & T. Nicholaichuk, 1996, FORUM, 8(2)].	Compared treated male sex offenders with a national sample of sex offenders. Follow-up of two years.	80 higher-risk sex offenders on the Clearwater Unit treatment program showed a 58.9% reduction in sexual recidivism.

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⁴⁸ CSC Research reports can be found at : http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/reports_e.shtml

 

4.2 Glossary

Aboriginal

First Nation, Métis or Inuit.

Aboriginal community

Aboriginal community is a First Nation, tribal council, band, community, organization or other group with a predominantly Aboriginal leadership.

Administrative segregation

Administrative segregation is confinement to keep the offender from associating with other inmates in order to maintain the security of the institution. Inmates may be segregated involuntarily or voluntarily.

Circles of Support and Accountability

A Circle of Support and Accountability (CoSA) is a community-based group of professionally supported volunteers, often drawn from the local faith communities. Their task is to assist men convicted of sexual offences who are released from prison at the end of their sentences to reintegrate into society. This is meant to enhance public safety when there is a perceived increased element of risk.

Community-based Residential Facilities (CRF)

Facilities contracted from outside agencies or organizations to house federal offenders in the community.

Community Correctional Centre (CCC)

CCCs primarily house offenders on day parole and are designated as minimum-security institutions. In these, the director, parole officers and support staff work as a team, often in co-operation with community partners, to supervise and provide programs for offenders and prepare them for full parole.

Conditional Release

Conditional release helps inmates make a gradual, supervised return to society while serving their sentence. Regardless of the type of conditional release, all offenders are supervised until their Warrant Expiry Date.

Temporary Absences (TAs)

Temporary Absences may be granted to offenders for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, and personal development reasons.

Escorted temporary absence (ETA) may be granted at any time during the sentence.

Unescorted temporary absence (UTA) may be granted after an offender has served one-sixth of the sentence or six months, whichever is greater.

Work Release (WR)

Work release allows an offender, classified as minimum or medium security and who is judged not to pose an undue risk, to do paid or voluntary work in the community under supervision.

Day Parole (DP)

Day parole allows an offender to participate in community-based activities to prepare for release on full parole or statutory release.

Full Parole (FP)

Inmates are normally eligible to be considered for full parole by the National Parole Board, after serving one-third of their sentence, or seven years, whichever is less.

Statutory Release (SR)

By law, most offenders who are serving sentences of fixed length, and who have not been granted parole or had their parole revoked, must be released on statutory release after serving two-thirds of their sentence.

CORCAN

A Special Operating Agency (SOA) that employs federal offenders for its workforce and, in doing so, provides them with working skills and working habits necessary to compete in the workforce.

Correctional Programs

Correctional programs are designed to improve offenders' current knowledge and skill level, improving the likelihood of successful reintegration into the community upon release.

Double-bunking

The placement of two offenders in a cell designed for one.

Healing Lodge

These types of facilities may or may not be located on First Nations' reservation land. There are two distinct types of Healing Lodges available to offenders under the care and custody of CSC.

A Section 81 Healing Lodge is an Aboriginal community based correctional facility where the community has entered into an agreement with the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada for the provision of correctional care and custody to Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders. The second type is located on CSC property and run by the Service with the assistance of community Aboriginal people.

Maximum Security Institutions

House offenders who pose a serious risk to staff, other offenders and the community. The perimeter of a maximum-security institution is well defined, highly secure and controlled. Offender movement and association are strictly regulated and directly supervised.

Medium Security Institutions

House offenders who pose a risk to the safety of the community. The perimeter of a medium-security institution is well defined, secure and controlled. Offender movement and association is regulated and generally supervised.

Minimum Security Institutions

House offenders who pose a limited risk to the safety of the community. The perimeter of a minimum-security institution is defined but not directly controlled. Offender movement and association within the institution are regulated under minimal supervision.

Multi-level Institutions

House offenders of different security classifications in different secure areas of the institution.

Ion scanner

An ion scanner is an electronic device that has the ability to detect residual amounts of particular drugs on personal items such as money or credit cards.

Methadone

Methadone is an addictive, synthetic, long-acting drug form, which blocks the euphoric effects of heroin. According to numerous scientific studies, methadone minimizes adverse physical, psychological, social and criminal effects associated with heroin addiction. It can be prescribed only by a qualified physician.

Offender Management System (OMS)

The automated information system used by the Service as its main database for offender information.

Revocation

If parolees violate the conditions of their conditional release, or have been charged with a criminal offence, their conditional release (day parole, full parole) is suspended and they are re-incarcerated. Upon reviewing the case at a formal hearing, the National Parole Board may then decide to revoke parole and have the offender remain incarcerated. If the offender is not revoked, the conditional release is reinstated.

Sections 81/84 of CCRA

Section 81 enables CSC to enter into agreements with Aboriginal communities for the provision of correctional services to Aboriginal offenders. These agreements permit CSC, with the consent of the offender and the Aboriginal community, to transfer the care and custody of the offender to an Aboriginal community. Under Section 84 of the CCRA, CSC gives the Aboriginal community an opportunity to propose a plan for the inmate's release to, and integration into, the Aboriginal community.

Security Classification

Each offender is reviewed initially on admission and then periodically throughout their sentence and is classified as a maximum, medium or minimum security risk and normally placed in an institution of the same classification. The security risk level is based on an assessment of factors related to public safety, escape risk and institutional adjustment.

Warrant Expiry Date (WED)

The date the sentence imposed by the courts officially ends.

 

4.3 Federal Institutions⁴⁹ by Region and Security Level

Atlantic Region	Quebec Region
Atlantic Institution (Maximum)	Donnacona Institution (Maximum)
Nova Institution for Women (Multi)	Port-Cartier Institution (Maximum)
Shepody Healing Centre (Multi)	Regional Reception Centre (Maximum)
Dorchester Penitentiary (Medium)	Joliette Institution (Multi)
Springhill Institution (Medium)	Regional Mental Health Centre (Multi)
Westmorland Institution (Minimum)	Archambault Institution (Medium)
Carlton CCC (Minimum)	Cowansville Institution (Medium)
Carlton Annex CCC (Minimum)	Drummond Institution (Medium)
Newfoundland and Labrador CCC (Min)	La Macaza Institution (Medium)
Parrtown CCC (Minimum)	Leclerc Institution (Medium)
	Federal Training Centre (Minimum)
	Montée Saint-François Institution (Min)
Ontario Region	Sainte-Anne-des Plaines Institution (Min)
Kingston Penitentiary (Maximum)	Hochelaga CCC (Minimum)
Millhaven Institution (Maximum)	Laferrière CCC (Minimum)
Grand Valley Institution for Women (Multi)	Marcel Caron CCC (Minimum)
Regional Treatment Centre (Multi)	Martineau CCC (Minimum)
Bath Institution (Medium)	Ogilvy CCC (Minimum)
Collins Bay Institution (Medium)	Sherbrooke CCC (Minimum)
Fenbrook Institution (Medium)
Joyceville Institution (Medium)
Warkworth Institution (Medium)	Prairie Region
Beaver Creek Institution (Minimum)	Edmonton Institution (Maximum)
Frontenac Institution (Minimum)	Edmonton Institution for Women (Multi)
Isabel McNeill (Minimum)	Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge (Minimum)
Pittsburgh Institution (Minimum)	Regional Psychiatric Centre (Multi)
Hamilton CCC (Minimum)	Saskatchewan Penitentiary (Multi)
Keele CCC (Minimum)	Bowden Institution (Medium)
Portsmouth CCC (Minimum)	Bowden Annex (Minimum)
	Drumheller Institution (Medium)
	Drumheller Annex (Minimum)
Pacific Region	Stony Mountain Institution (Medium)
Kent Institution (Maximum)	Grande Cache Institution (Minimum)
Fraser Valley Institution for Women (Multi)	Riverbend Institution (Minimum)
Pacific Institution (Multi)	Rockwood Institution (Minimum)
Regional Treatment Centre (Multi)	Willow Cree Healing Lodge (Minimum)
Matsqui Institution (Medium)	Grierson Centre (Minimum)
Mission Institution (Medium)	Pê Sâkâstêw (Minimum)
Mountain Institution (Medium)	Osborne CCC (Minimum)
Ferndale Institution (Minimum)	Oskana CCC (Minimum)
Kwikwèxwelhp Healing Village (Min)
William Head Institution (Minimum)
Chilliwack CCC (Minimum)

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⁴⁹ Includes 58 institutions as well as Community Correctional Centres, displayed in italic.

 

4.4 Further information

Correctional Service of Canada Internet site : http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca

Jennifer Wheatley
Director General
Performance Assurance
340 Laurier Avenue West
Ottawa , Ontario
K1A 0P9

Telephone: (613) 992-8723
Facsimile: (613) 995-5064

Email: WheatleyJM@csc-scc.gc.ca

 

Lynn Garrow
Assistant Commissioner
Performance Assurance
340 Laurier Avenue West
Ottawa , Ontario
K1A 0P9

Telephone: (613) 996-1710
Facsimile: (613) 943-9292

Email: GarrowLY@csc-scc.gc.ca

 

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