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The human resources environmental scan for the Public Service of Canada: Identifying current and future human resources needs

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IV - Conclusion

Like other employers, the federal Public Service experiences a rapid pace of workplace change, in response to the constant expansion of information technology, the rise of performance-oriented management practices, as well as broader demographic and economic changes. Moreover, as a public institution, the Public Service must adjust to the changing values, composition and expectations of the Canadian population.

To respond to the parallel evolution of the workplace and Canadian society, major reform began with the promulgation of the Public Service Modernization Act in November 2003. Canada thus positioned itself at the forefront of modern countries with a human resources management model that emphasizes results, values, learning, and representation. Efficient human resources planning is a key component of this model. It requires an integration of business and human resources plans, as well as the identification of current and future human resources needs, and their integration into the planning process. Environmental scanning provides a tested tool for identifying current and future needs.

In support of strategic human resources planning, the responsibility for developing an environmental scan lies with the Public Service Human Resources Management Agency of Canada. A consultative committee met to assist the Agency's Research Directorate in carrying out this initiative, which began in August 2004. In addition to analyzing the situation within the Public Service workforce, and the goals and business of the government, the multidisciplinary team responsible for the project conducted an analysis of six broader factors: population and demography, economy and labour market, society and culture, science and technology, physical environment, and politics and governance.

Ongoing changes in the demographic characteristics of the Canadian population will bring important challenges. In particular, population ageing will have far ranging consequences for our society, affecting the labour market, the demand for social services and more particularly for health services, increasing pressure on the public pension system, etc. Although widespread labour shortages are unlikely, there may be specific skill shortages. The Public Service is not immune to the impacts of population ageing. On the contrary, it seems more vulnerable to the coming wave of retirements. The capacity to persuade older workers to delay their retirement and to attract and retain new blood in the Public Service will become increasingly important over the coming years. Demographic changes may force the Public Service to become more competitive with other employers, both in salary terms, and in working conditions.

The Canadian population in general, and the labour market in particular, are expected to further diversify as the result of immigration trends, large cohorts of young Aboriginal peoples entering the workforce and increased labour force participation rates for women. Obviously, the Public Service will need to reflect these changes.

In addition to ageing and diversification, the workplace changes through continuous expansion of the knowledge-based economy and the parallel increase in the educational level of the population. The accumulating impacts of innovation and productivity improvements on economic growth are triggering additional governmental investment in research and development, and highlight the benefits generated by investments in education and targeted immigration.

In terms of fiscal management, reduction of the debt remains a government priority. Ongoing measures to control government spending began with the implementation of a permanent expenditure review process and the development of partnerships with the private sector. Both of these initiatives are likely to have a budgetary impact on departments and agencies.

The Public service will likely remain relatively unchanged for the next five years, with an overall annual turnover rate of 4% to 5%. Although a general labour shortage is unlikely, the PS may experience recruitment problems in the near future in the area of more-specialized and unique skills. With expenditure review and the focus on knowledge work, it is likely higher skilled positions replace low-skill jobs. The trend towards reductions in lower administrative and program officer levels and clerical positions is likely to continue for the near future.

Technological developments continue to penetrate our daily lives, at home as well as at work. Some of these developments bring challenges as well as opportunities. For example, while the ever-increasing computerization of the workplace carries many advantages (gains in productivity, facilitation of work, easier and broader access to services, quicker communications, etc.), it also raises serious concerns about privacy, security, inequalities in access to technology and acceleration of the pace of work.

The impact of environmental shift such as climatic change are being experienced on a more regular basis, and has led Canada to renew its commitment to sustained development and to preserving the environment. However, recent report cards indicate that Canada's performance has not been satisfactory.

Canadians' trust in government and its institutions is low and the Public Service is likely to remain under the close scrutiny of the media and the public for some time to come. In this context, the effective protection of employees disclosing wrongdoing in the workplace, and respect of values and ethics, will be critical for regaining the confidence of Canadians in the Public Service. In addition, the minority status of the Government translates into a need for a more subtle way of governing that makes increased use of collaboration and conciliation between the various stakeholders on the federal political scene and at the intergovernmental level.

Issues related to internal and international security remain important. They affect the broader areas of Canada's relationship with the United States and position on the international scene.

In the years to come, the evolution of the following issues is likely to bear upon human resources management and thus is likely to appear in future updates of the environmental scan:

In the field of Demographics: status of population ageing; increased diversification of the population; international migration and internal mobility; and evolution of family structure.

In the field of Science and technology: computer developments and innovations affecting the workplace; access to technology (proportion of the population "connected" to new technologies; discrepancies in access to technology for certain segments of society; etc.); computerization of government services; information security and privacy.

In the field of Economy and the labour market: further expansion of the knowledge-based economy; impact of population ageing on the labour market (potential skill shortages; changes in retirement patterns; retention practices; etc.); impact of diversification on the labour market composition; impact of changing poverty levels on the labour market; and globalization and outsourcing of employment.

In the field of Society and culture: citizenship and engagement (volunteering, citizens' involvement in public affairs, e-democracy, etc.); health; and the public's trust in the government and the Public Service.

In the field of Environment: implementation of current governmental commitments; assessment of Canada's environmental situation; and the impact of new commitments.

In the field of Politics and Governance: next elections; electoral reform; and the evolution of private-public partnerships and their impact on the Public Service.

With regard to the Public service workforce: the impact of population ageing (retention of older employees, potential skill shortages, retirement patterns); the impact of population diversification; the impact of further computerization of the workplace (e-recruitment, e-learning, privacy and security of information, etc.); and the work environment (work-life balance issues including access to alternative working arrangements, workload, pace of work, etc.);

With regard to the Business and human resources management goals of the Government: the impact of fiscal management on the budget of departments and agencies; the impact of expenditure review on the Public Service budget and workforce; the impact of continued efforts to position Canada in the global market; relationship with the United States and with the rest of the world; implementation of the Public Service Modernization Act; of the protection provided to employees disclosing wrongdoing in the workplace protection; values and ethics; and the consolidation and integration of corporate services across organizations.

The passage of time will help confirm or nuance the issues raised in this first scan. Some identified issues such as government priorities and public distrust of the government may change radically over a relatively short period, either defusing the issue or exacerbating it. Fundamental trends such as population ageing and the growth of the knowledge-based economy will not go away, but their impact on Canadian society and human resources may well change. Nevertheless, the information and analysis gathered in the present environmental scan report should provide a sound basis for determining the main issues influencing the current and future needs of the Public Service at a global level.

V. Appendices

1. Bibliography

Population

Population aging

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Office of the Auditor General of Canada. "Population Aging and Information for Parliament: Understanding the Choices". http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/domino/reports.nsf/html/9806ce.html

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Statistics Canada (July 2002). "Profile of the Canadian Population by Age and Sex". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/age/contents.cfm

The situation of women

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An increasingly diverse society

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Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Spring 2004). "Statistical Trends, Fourth Quarter 2003", The Monitor.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Spring 2004). "The Economic Performance of Immigrants", The Monitor, pp. 5-8.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Summer 2003). "Facts and Figures: Immigration Overview".

Dorais, Michel (2002). "Immigration and Integration Through a Social Cohesive Perspective". Policy Research Initiatives. Horizons, 5 (2).

Dryburgh, Heather and Jason Hamel (Fall 2004). "Immigrants in Demand: Staying or Leaving", Canadian Social Trends. 74 : 12 - 17.

"Federal Language Test May Violate Rights", CBC News. November 10, 2004.

Green, Alan G. (2004 ). "Beyond Harmonization: How US Immigration Rules Would Have Worked in Canada", Policy Matters, 5 (4).

Green, Sarah. "Foreign-Trained Doctors Get Boost", Ottawa Sun. November 13, 2004.

Heritage Canada (March 2003). "2003-2004 Estimates: A Report on Plans and Priorities".

House of Commons (June 2003). "Settlement and Integration: A Sense of Belonging - Feeling at Home", Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration. http://www.parl.gc.ca/InfoComDoc/37/2/CIMM/Studies/Reports/cimmrp05/cimmrp05-e.pdf

"Immigrants Take Shine to Capital", The Ottawa Sun. August 19, 2004.

"Language Wars: Plus Ca Change...", The Toronto Sun. November 10, 2004, 18.

Moll, Marita. "Aptitude Isn't Easy to Test", Ottawa Citizen. October 10, 2004, A15.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (June 2004). "Employment Outlook 2004".

"Paul Martin's Tall Agenda - Canada's Political Transition", The Economist, October 2003, pp. 34-35.

Policy Research Initiative (2003). "The Opportunity and Challenge of Diversity: A Role for Social Capital: Synthesis Report". http://policyresearch.gc.ca/doclib/OECD_Synthesis_e.pdf

Public Policy Forum (November 2004). "Bringing Employers Into the Immigration Debate: The Public Policy Implications of the Survey Findings". http://www.ppforum.ca/ow/PolicyImps_final_EN.pdf

Public Works and Government Services Canada (2004). "Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration 2004". http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pdf/pub/immigration2004-e.pdf

Saunders, Doug. "Going un-Dutch: Can You Really Riot for Tolerance?", Globe and Mail. November 13, 2004, F3.

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Simard, Carolle (2002). "Political Participation by Ethno-Cultural Groups and Visible Minorities". Policy Research Initiatives. Horizons. 5 (2).

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Statistics Canada (October 2003). "Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada: Process, Progress and Prospects". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89-611-XIE/89-611-XIE03001.pdf

Statistics Canada (October 2003). "Will They Ever Converge? Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades", Analytical Studies Branch.

Statistics Canada (September 2003). "Ethnic Diversity Survey: Portrait of a Multicultural Society". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89-593-XIE/free.htm

Statistics Canada (January 2003). "Canada's Ethno-Cultural Portrait: - The Changing Mosaic".http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/etoimm/contents.cfm

Treasury Board Secretariat (2004). "Strengthening Public Sector Management - An Overview of the Government Action Plan and Key Initiatives".

A younger population of aboriginal peoples

Abele, Frances (April 2004). "Urgent Need, Serious Opportunity: Towards a New Social Model for Canada's Aboriginal Peoples", Canadian Policy Research Networks. http://www.cprn.com/en/doc.cfm?doc=569

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Hutchison, Michael (March 2002) . "Aboriginal Workforce Poised to Replace Retiring Baby-Boomers", Aboriginal Times. http://www.aboriginaltimes.com/science/immigration-baby-boom/view

Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. "Report of the Royal Commission On Aboriginal Peoples". http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ch/rcap/sg/sgmm_e.html

Mendelson, Michael (March 2004). "Aboriginal People in Canada's Labour Market: Work and Unemployment, Today and Tomorrow", Caledon Institute of Social Policy. http://www.caledoninst.org/Publications/PDF/471ENG.pdf

Office of the Prime Minister (February 3, 2004.). "Address by the Prime Minister in Reply to the Speech from the throne". http://pm.gc.ca/eng/sft-ddt.asp?id=2

Policy Research Initiative. "Not Strangers in These Parts: Urban Aboriginal Peoples". Edited by David Newhouse and Evelyn Peters. http://www.recherchepolitique.gc.ca/doclib/AboriginalBook_e.pdf

RBC Royal Bank. "Aboriginal Banking: Initiatives and Programs". http://www.rbcroyalbank.com/aboriginal/rr_chall.html

Richards, John (December 2003-January 2004). "Aboriginal Policy - Time to Rethink". Policy Options, pp. 91-95.

Siggner, Andrew (2003). "Urban Aboriginal Populations: An Update Using the 2001 Census Results". Pp. 15 - 21 in David Newhouse and Evelyn Peters, (eds.), Not Strangers in These Parts: Urban Aboriginal Peoples. Policy Research Initiative Publication.

Statistics Canada - The Daily (September 2003). "Aboriginal Peoples Survey: Well-Being of the Non-Reserve Aboriginal Population". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/030924/d030924b.htm

Statistics Canada (January 2003). "Canada's Ethno-Cultural Portrait: - The Changing Mosaic". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/etoimm/contents.cfm

Statistics Canada (January 21, 2003). "2001 Census: Analysis Series - Aboriginal Peoples of Canada: A Demographic Profile". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/abor/pdf/96F0030XIE2001007.pdf

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Persons with disability

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Canada Human Rights Commission. "2002 Employment Equity: A year-End Review".

Human Resources Development Canada (November 2000). "Lessons Learned: Disability Policies and Programs".

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Statistics Canada (December 2002). "A Profile of Disability in Canada, 2001". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89-577-XIE/

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Wright, Ruth (2001). "Tapping the Talents of People with Disabilities". Summary Highlights. The Conference Board of Canada.

Linguistic composition

Canadian Heritage. "Diversity in our Urban Centres: Canada's Ethnicities". http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/multi/reports/ann98-99/ethnicities_e.cfm

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Government of Canada (July 19, 2002). "Submission - Language Industries in Canada Submission to Canada's Innovation Strategy". Conducted as part of Canada's Innovation Strategy. http://www.innovation.gc.ca/gol/innovation/site.nsf/en/in02346.html

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Public Service Commission (November 2004). "Recruitment of Bilingual Candidates to the Federal Public Service: Demographic Analysis of Bilingual Canadians, 2001".

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UNI, Unity, Diversity, Respect. "White paper 2002 - Recognition". http://www.uni.ca/whitepaper004.html

Economy and labour market

Bank of Canada (July 22, 2004). "Monetary Policy Report Update". http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/press/2004/pr04-15.htm

Bank of Canada. "Business Outlook Survey - Results of the Summer 2004 Survey". http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/bos/2004/summer/index_summer_2004.html

Beckstead, D. and Vinodradi T. (October 2003). "Dimensions of Occupational Changes in Canada's Knowledge Economy, 1971 - 1996". http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11-622-MIE/11-622-MIE2003004.pdf

Canadian Labour and Business Center (Spring 2002). "Viewpoints 2002 - The Perspective of Business Labour and Public Sector Leaders". http://www.clbc.ca/files/reports/viewpoints02_labour_relations.pdf

Canadian Business Economics (May 1999). "A Symposium on Labour Force Participation in Canada in the 1990s", 7 (2), edited by Andrew Sharp and Louis Grignon. http://www.csls.ca/journals/simp.asp

Center for Organizational Research (2003). "The Aging-and-Retiring Government Workforce". http://www.ipma-hr.org/pdf/federal/aging.pdf

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Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Spring 2004). "The Economic Performance of Immigrants", The Monitor, pp. 5-8.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Summer 2003). "Facts and Figures: Immigration Overview".

Corporate Leadership Council (September 2003). "State of the Canadian Workforce". http://www.corporateleadershipcouncil.com/CLC/1,1283,,00.html?first=Y

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Green, Alan G. (2004 ). "Beyond Harmonization: How US Immigration Rules Would Have Worked in Canada", Policy Matters, 5 (4).

Green, Sarah. "Foreign-Trained Doctors Get Boost", Ottawa Sun. November 13, 2004.

Heritage Canada (March 2003). "2003-2004 Estimates: A Report on Plans and Priorities".

Higgins, C., L. Duxbury, and K. Johnson (March 2004). "Exploring the Link Between Work-Life Conflict and Demands on Canada's Health Care System", Report Three. Public Health Agency of Canada. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/work-travail/report3/pdfs/fvwklfrprt_e.pdf

Human Resources Development Canada (2000). "Knowledge Matters: Skills and Learning for Canadians". http://www11.sdc.gc.ca/sl-ca/doc/knowledge.pdf

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"Language Wars: Plus Ca Change...", The Toronto Sun. November 10, 2004, 18.

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Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (October 2004). "Corporate Data Environment: Educational Database". http://www.oecdwash.org/PUBS/ELECTRONIC/epels.htm#edustat

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003). "Employment Outlook 2003".

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003). "Policy Brief - Economic Survey of Canada". http://www.oecdwash.org/PDFILES/pol_brf_can2003.pdf

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Saunders, Doug. "Going un-Dutch: Can You Really Riot for Tolerance?", Globe and Mail. November 13, 2004, F3.

Saunders, Doug. "Dutch Lash Out at Muslims After Slaying", Globe and Mail. November 11, 2004, A1.

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Statistics Canada (December 2003). "Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada". http://www.statcan.ca/english/ads/91-209-XPE/

Statistics Canada (October 2003). "Will They Ever Converge? Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades", Analytical Studies Branch.

Statistics Canada - The Daily (October 30, 2003). "Study: Knowledge Workers in Canada's Workforce". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/031030/d031030a.htm

Statistics Canada (March 2003). "Education in Canada: Raising the Standard". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/educ/contents.cfm

Statistics Canada (September 1997). "Reading the Future: A Portrait of Literacy in Canada". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89F0093XIE/highle.pdf

Treasury Board Secretariat (2004). "Strengthening Public Sector Management - An Overview of the Government Action Plan and Key Initiatives".

Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle (November 2002). "Employment Security as a Determinant of Health". Summary based on paper presented at the Social Determinants of Health Across the Life-Span Conference, Toronto. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/phdd/pdf/overview_implications/04_employment_e.pdf

Riddell, Craig and Andrew Sharpe (2004). "The Canada-U.S. Unemployment Rate Gap: An Introduction and Overview", Center for the Study of Living Standards. http://www.csls.ca/journals/cpp0.asp

Watson, William and British North American Committee (2001). "Aging Populations and the Workforce: Challenges for Employers". http://www.cdhowe.org/pdf/BNAC_Aging_Populations.pdf

World Health Organization (2003). "Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts". 2nd Edition. Edited by Richard Wilkinson and Michael Marmot. www.who.dk/document/e81384.pdf

Society and culture

Social values and ethics

"Adequate Retirement Income Growing Worry for Canadians", Hamilton Spectator. August 20, 2004, 13.

"Alberta's Privacy Commissioner to Probe Leak of Credit Reports", Calgary Herald. November 15, 2004, A6.

Aon United States (July 30, 2004). "Same-Gender Marriages: Impact on Benefit Plan Design", Medical Benefits, 21 (14) : 4-6. http://www.aon.com/hrsurvey/

Axworthy, Thomas. "Choosing Canada's Role in the World", National Post. October 16, 2004, RB1

Barrett, C. A. (September 28, 2004). "Canada's Place in the World", Paper Submitted to The TD Forum on Canada's Standard of Living. www.td.com/economics/standard/full/Barrett.pdf

Beauchesne, Eric. "Canadians Satisfied with Their Lot", The Ottawa Citizen. September 14, 2004, D1.

Beazley, Doug. "Civil Servants See Red: Top Civil Servants Consider Lawsuit Against Provincial Government", Edmonton Sun. November14, 2004, A1.

Blackwell, Tom. "MD Crisis Going to Get Worse: Survey of Canadian Doctors Warns They are working Fewer Hours", National Post. October 28, 2004, A1.

Brisbois, Richard (2003). "How Canada Stacks Up: The Quality of Work - An International Perspective", Canadian Policy Research Networks. http://www.cprn.com/en/doc.cfm?doc=499

Canadian Center of Occupational Health and Safety (2004). "Aging Workers". http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/aging_workers.html#_1_8

Canadian Heritage (March 2003). "2003-2004 Estimates: A Report on Plans and Priorities". http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/pubs/2003-2004-rpp/RPP-PCH2003-04_e.pdf

Cheadle, Bruce. "Big Issues on Table in Workplace Talks", Windsor Star. November 1, 2004, A1.

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (2004). "Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration 2004".

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Spring 2004). "The Monitor: Statistical Trends, Fourth Quarter 2003". http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/monitor/issue05/index.html

Citizenship and Immigration Canada (Summer 2003). "Facts and Figures: Immigration Overview".

Comfort, D., K. Johnson, and D. Wallace (2003). "Part-Time Work and Family-Friendly Practices in Canadian Workplaces", Statistics Canada and Human Resources Development Canada. http://www11.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/cs/sp/arb/publications/research/2003-000183/71584NO6E.pdf

Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Maher Arar (November 2004). http://www.ararcommission.ca/eng/index.htm

Conference Board of Canada (2003). "Defining the Canadian Advantage: Performance and Potential, 2003-2004", pp.37 - 39.

Conference Board of Canada (2003). "Performance and Potential 2003-2004: Defining the Canadian Advantage", p.37-39.

Conference Board of Canada (2002). "Performance and Potential, 2002-2003", p., 85 - 101.

Conference Board of Canada (2002). "Canada's Place in the World in 2010: Will Canada Matter?", Performance and Potential, 2002-2003, pp.85 - 101.

Corporate Leadership Council (November 2004). "Hang on to Your Talent", Strategies on Managing an Aging Workforce.

Dalton, Russell J. (forthcoming, January 2005). "The Social Transformation of Trust In Government", International Review of Sociology. http://www.google.ca/search?q=cache:8hyhvB9IKK8J:www.worldvaluessurvey.org/Upload/_DaltonTrust.doc+The+Social+Transformation+of+Trust+In+Government&hl=en

Damon, William (2004). The Moral Advantage: How to Succeed in Business by Doing the Right Thing. New York: Berrett-Koeler.

Department of Justice (2002). "Marriage and Legal Recognition of Same-sex Unions: A discussion Paper".

Disney, R. and E. Whitehouse (2003). "The Economic Well-being of Older People in International Perspective: A Critical Review", In Crystal, S. and D. Shea (eds). Economic Outcomes in Later Life. New York: Springer.

"DND Auditors Find Up to $81M in Troubling Transactions", Ottawa Sun. August 21, 2004, 16.

"Dock Workers and Transport Canada Must Compromise on Security Checks", Vancouver Sun. November 5, 2004, A16

EKOS Research (April 2003). "CPPIB: Tracking Public Confidence II: Final Report". http://www.cppib.ca/info/articles/Tracking_Public_Confidence_2.pdf

Francoli. P. "Government Should Have New Charter of Values", The Hill Times. Septembre 13, 2004.

Francoli. P. "Paul Martin's Agenda Coming to a Head: Reviews Into Machinery of Government Due This Fall; Spending Estimates, Departmental Reports Too", The Hill Times. August. 23 - 29, 2004.

Friendly, Martha (March 2004). "Strengthening Canada's Social and Economic Foundations: Next Steps for Early Childhood Education and Child Care", Policy Options. pp. 46 - 51.

Gibney, M. (2004). The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees. Cambridge University Press.

Goff, K. "Hiring Outlook Dim for 4^th Quarter: Only 17% of Employers Likely to Add Workers", Ottawa Citizen. September 15, 2004, C1.

Gold, Murray (December 2003). "Payback Time", Benefits Canada, 27 (12) : 23.

Green, Alan G (2004). "Beyond Harmonization: How US Immigration Rules Would Have Worked in Canada", Policy Matters 5 (4), Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.

Grieco, E, and K. Hamilton (February 2004). "Realizing the Potential of Migrant "Earn, Learn, and Return" Strategies: Does Policy Matter?", Migration Policy Institute. http://www.cgdev.org/rankingtherich/docs/Migration_2004.pdf

Hank, K. (May 2004). "Effects of Early Life Family Events on Women's Late Life Labour Market Behaviour: An Analysis of the Relationship between Childbearing and Retirement in Western Germany", Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging.

Hsu, Spencer S. "Homeland Security Employees Required to Sign Secrecy Pledge: Gag Order Raises Concern on Hill", Washington Post. November 16, 2004, A23.

Human Resources Development Canada (2002). "Collective Agreements and Older Workers in Canada," http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/asp/gateway.asp?hr=/en/lp/spila/wlb/caowc/02table_of_contents.shtml&hs=wnc

"Immigrants Take Shine to Capital - Local Arrivals Well-educated But Under-employed, Says Statscan Report", The Ottawa Sun. August 19, 2004.

International Labour Organization (Geneva, 2004). "Economic Security for A Better World". http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/index.htm

International Social Security Association (Geneva, 2003). "Ageing and Social Security: Ten Key Issues". http://www.issa.int/engl/actualites/ageing/2ageing-publ.pdf

Jackson, Andrew (2003). "'Good Jobs in Good Workplaces': Reflections on Medium-Term Labour Market Challenges". http://action.web.ca/home/clcpolcy/attach/Good%20Jobs%20in%20Good%20Workplaces1.pdf

Jarvis, Anne. "Canadians' Privacy at Risk, Masse Says", Windsor Star. October 29, 2004, A3.

Kent, Tom (August 2004). "In the National Interest: A Social Policy Agenda for A New Century", Policy Options. http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/aug04/kent.pdf

Kesselman, J. (June 2004). "Mandatory Retirement and Older Workers: Encouraging Longer Working Lives", C.D. Howe Institute Commentary.

Lamey, Andy. "The Wretched of the Earth", Globe and Mail. October 2, 2004, D23.

Leblanc, Daniel. "Chrétien Clearly Active In Ad Program, Probe Told", Globe and Mail. September 28, 2004.

MacKinnon, M.P. (2004). "Citizen' Values and the Canadian Social Architecture: Evidence from the Citizens' Dialogue on Canada's Future", Canadian Policy Research Networks. http://www.cprn.com/en/doc.cfm?doc=878

MacNaughton, John (June 8, 2004). "Public Confidence and the Pension Promise", Canada Pension Plan Investment Board. http://www.cppib.ca/info/speeches/CDHowe_June_2004.pdf

Maxwell, J. (June 2004). "Social Investment: Makes the Difference in Quality of Life", Canadian Policy Research Networks presentation to the Ontario Municipal Social Services Association. http://www.cprn.com/en/doc.cfm?doc=1097

May, Kathryn. "Spending Review Spurs Fears of PS Job Losses", The Ottawa Citizen. August 23, 2004. A1.

McKibbon, Sean. "Fraud Charges Stayed in CPP Benefits Case", Ottawa Sun. October 26, 2004, 4.

Migration Policy Institute (Washington, 2004). "Realizing the Potential of Migrant 'Earn, Learn, and Return' Strategies: Does Policy Matter?". Prepared for the Center for Global Development's 2004 Commitment to Development Index. pp.17 - 20.

Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (October 2004) . "Annual Report to Parliament, 2004". http://www.privcom.gc.ca/information/ar/200304/200304_e.pdf

Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (October 2004). "Application of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act to Employee Records".http://www.privcom.gc.ca/fs-fi/02_05_d_18_e.asp

Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (October 2004). "Privacy in the Workplace" http://www.privcom.gc.ca/fs-fi/02_05_d_17_e.asp

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (October 2004). "Early Childhood Education and Care Policy: Canada: Country Note". Directorate for Education.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (October 2004). "Policy Brief: Economic Survey of Canada, 2004", OECD Observer.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (June 2004). "OECD Employment Outlook 2004". http://www.oecd.org/document/62/0,2340,en_2649_201185_31935102_1_1_1_1,00.html

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004). "Trends in International Migration: Annual Report 2003 Edition". http://www.oecd.org/document/50/0,2340,en_2649_201185_24968882_1_1_1_1,00.html

Oxford Institute of Ageing (October 2003). "Poverty in Old Age: An International Perspective", Oxford Briefing Papers. http://www.ageing.ox.ac.uk/publications/oxbrief3.pdf

Pammett, J. and L. LeDuc (March 2003). "Explaining the Turnout Decline in Canadian Federal Elections: A New Survey of Non-voters". Elections Canada. http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=loi&document=index&dir=tur/tud&lang=e&textonly=false

Paraskevas, J. "Number of Refugee Claims Nears Five-Year Low", The Ottawa Citizen. August 12, 2004. A8.

Picard, Andre. "Most Believe Medicare System Unwell, Poll Finds", Globe and Mail. August 16, 2004.

Phillip, M. "Canada's Childcare is Failing: OECD Says Report Paints Picture of a System Adrift, Lacking in Quality and Badly Under Funded", Globe and Mail. October 25, 2004, A1.

Pilieci, Vit. "Relocating Federal Jobs Won't Save Cash", Ottawa Citizen. October 23, 2004, A3.

Pizer, D. "Fed Job Plan Panned but MP Seeks to Downplay Fears of Local Cuts", Ottawa Citizen. October 24, 2004, 4.

Public Service Human Resources Management Agency of Canada (Draft - October 2004). "Impact of the Contingent Workforce on Recruitment into the Core FPS", Research Directorate.

Public Service Human Resources Management Agency of Canada (January 2004). "Interpretation Guide to the Public Service Code of Values and Ethics". http://www.hrma-agrh.gc.ca/veo-bve/code/guide/guide_e.asp

Ravanera, Z.R. and Fernando Rajulton (2004). "Work and Family Life Trajectories of Young Canadians: Evidence from the 2001 General Social Survey", Population Studies Centre of Western Ontario.

Roik, Richard. "Regions to Land Federal Jobs as Part of Liberal Plan, Says MP", New Brunswick Telegraph Journal. October 28, 2004, A1.

Rubec, Stephanie. "Critics See Red Over $9B Surplus", Ottawa Sun. October 14, 2004, 17.

"Same-Gender Marriages: Impact on Benefit Plan Design", Medical Benefits. July 30, 2004, 21 (14) : 4-6.

Saunders, Ron (January 2004) . "Passion and Commitment Under Stress: Human Resource Issues in Canada's Non-profit Sector - A Synthesis Report", Canadian Policy Research Networks.

Sharratt, Anna (November 2003). "Flex and Same-Sex", Benefits Canada, 27 (11) : 23.

Shaw, G. "Canada Lags Behind When it Comes to Job Quality", The Ottawa Citizen. September 29, 2004. F3.

Social Development Canada. "Social Security Statistics Canada and Provinces 1976-77 to 2000-01". http://www11.sdc.gc.ca/en/cs/sp/socpol/publications/statistics/9999-002455/page00.shtml

Standing, Guy (2003). "The Decent Work Enterprise: Worker Security and Dynamic Efficiency", International Labour Office, Geneva. http://www-ilo-mirror.cornell.edu/public/english/protection/ses/download/docs/decent_guy.pdf

Statistics Canada (October 2004). "Retaining Older Workers", Perspectives on Labour and Income, pp. 15 - 20.

Statistics Canada (October 2003). "Will They Ever Converge? Earnings of Immigrant and Canadian-born Workers Over the Last Two Decades", Analytical Studies Branch. http://collection.nlcbnc.ca/100/200/301/statcan/research_paper_analytical_11f0019-e/no215/11F0019MIE2003215.pdf

Statistics Canada (December 2003). "Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada". http://www.statcan.ca/english/ads/91-209-XPE/

Statistics Canada (2002). "Access to Health Care Services in Canada, 2001".

Statistics Canada (2001). "The Assets and Debts of Canadians: Focus on Private Pension Savings". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/13-596-XIE/0100113-596-XIE.pdf

Taber, Jane. "Disclosure Rules in New Ethics Code Stir Anger", Globe and Mail. October 1, 2004.

"Transparency in Hiring? Sorry, Not at the Moment", Globe and Mail. October 5, 2004, A18.

Treasury Board Secretariat (October 2004). "Ageing of the Public Service Workforce: Implications for the Future"

Treasury Board Secretariat (October 2004). "Government Security Policy". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=12322

Treasury Board Secretariat (2004). "Strengthening Public Sector Management - An Overview of the Government Action Plan and Key Initiatives". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/rma/dpr/03-04/kickoff/spsm-rgsp_e.asp

Treasury Board Secretariat (2003). "Canada's Performance - Annual Report to Parliament 2003", p. 66-67. http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/rma/dpr/03-04/kickoff/4032586_e.asp

Wattie, Chris. "Why $13.8B a Year Isn't Enough to Run Our Military: Only 42% of Canada's Defence Budget Finds its Way to the Army, Navy and Air Force", The Ottawa Citizen. September 28, 2004. A1.

Welsh, Jennifer (September 2004). At Home in the World: Canada's Global Vision for the 21st Century. Harper Collins.

Williams, Cara (September 2004). "The Sandwich Generation", Perspectives on Labour and Income - Statistics Canada, pp. 5 - 12.

Working Conditions

May, Kathryn. "Stressed Workers Cost Health System Extra $6B a Year: For the First Time Study Links Soaring Health Costs to Mounting Workloads", Ottawa Citizen. November 9, 2004, A1.

Raphael, Dennis (March 2004). "The Social Determinants of Health: An Overview of the Implications for Policy and the Role of the Health Sector ". www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/phdd/pdf/overview_implications/01_overview_e.pdf

Statistics Canada (November 2004). "The Canadian Labour Market at a Glance 2003", Labour Statistics Division. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/71-222-XIE/71-222-XIE2004000.pdf

Williams, Cara (September 2004). "The Sandwich Generation", Perspectives on Labour and Income, pp. 5 - 12. http://www.statcan.ca/english/studies/75-001/1090475-001-XIE.html

World Health Organization (2003). "Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts". 2nd Edition. Edited by Richard Wilkinson and Michael Marmot. www.who.dk/document/e81384.pdf

Social inequality and access to education

Atkinson, A.B. (2003). "Income Inequality in OECD Countries: Data and Explanations". http://www.cesifo.de/pls/guestci/download/CESifo+Working+Papers+2003/CESifo+Working+Papers+February+2003+/cesifo_wp881.pdf

Beach, Charles M. and Ross Finnie (2004). "A Longitudinal Analysis of Earnings Change in Canada", Analytical Studies Research Paper Series.

Canadian Labour Congress (Spring 2004). "Economy: Economic Review and Outlook". 15 (1). http://action.web.ca/home/clccomm/attach/Vol.15,%20No.1-Spring.pdf

Canadian Education Statistics Council (November 2003). "Educational Indicators in Canada". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/81-582-XIE/2003001/pdfdocs.htm

Chawla, Raj K. (September 2004). "Wealth inequity in Canada", Perspectives on Labour and Income. pp. 13-20.

Conference Board of Canada (2004). "Fiscal Prospects of the Federal and Provincial/Territorial Governments".

Foot, David. "Baby Boom Meets Baby Bust", Globe and Mail. September 10, 2003, A23.

Friendly, Martha. "Strengthening Canada's Social and Economic Foundations: Next steps for Early Childhood Education and Child Care", Policy Options (March 2004), pp. 46 - 51.

Galabuzi, Grace-Edward (2002). "Social Exclusion". http://www.socialjustice.org/subsites/conference/presentations/galabuzi_files/frame.htm

Junor, Sean and Alex Usher (November 2004). "The Price of Knowledge 2004: Access and Student Finance in Canada". http://www.millenniumscholarships.ca/en/research/factbook.htm

Nares, Peter and J. Robson-Haddow (2004). "Poverty is About Assets as Well as Income", Social Capital. 6 (3).

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2004). "OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics".

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (October 2004). "Corporate Data Environment: Educational Database". http://www.oecdwash.org/PUBS/ELECTRONIC/epels.htm#edustat

"Poverty Makes Many Ineligible for School Grants", Ottawa Citizen. August 13, 2004, A5.

Scott, K. (November 2002). "A Lost Decade: Income Inequality and the Health of Canadians", Canadian Council of Social Development. http://www.ccsd.ca/pubs/2002/ks-healthconf/index_files/frame.htm

Statistics Canada (2004). "Canada at the Glance 2004 ". http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-581-XIE/12-581-XIE2004001.pdf

Statistics Canada (September 2004). "Paying for Higher Education", Education Matters. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/81-004-XIE/200409/peps.htm

Statistics Canada (September 2004). "Wealth Income by Province", Perspectives on Labour and Income, 5 (9).

Statistics Canada (2003). "Adult Immigrants", Education Quarterly Review, 9 (3) : 17 - 22.

Statistics Canada (2003). "Education in Canada: Raising the Standard". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/educ/pdf/96F0030XIE2001012.pdf

Statistics Canada (2003). "Studying and Working: The Busy Lives of Students". http://www.statcan.ca/english/kits/pdf/social/busylives.pdf

Voyer, Jean-Pierre (2003). "New Approaches to Poverty and Exclusion: A Strategic Framework", Horizons. http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=v6n2_art_08

Security and crime

Armstrong, Jane. "US Beefs Up BC Checkpoint: Homeland Security Plans to Strengthen Monitoring at Other Border Crossings", Globe and Mail, August 21, 2004, A5.

Appleby, Timothy. "Computer Thefts Hint at Huge Losses of Data", Globe and Mail. October 19, 2004, A7.

Bell, Stewart. "Canada's Electronic Spy Agency Comes in From the Cold", National Post. October 16, 2004,

Bell, Stewart. "Dangers for Canada Are Real: Absurd Not to Fear Attacks, PM's Security Advisor Says", National Post. October 15, 2004, A1.

Bell, Stewart. "A Lot of Canadians in Al-Qaeda, Khadr Says", National Post. August 17, 2004, A1.

"Biometric ID in Cards? Anti-terror Measures Might Target Millions", The Ottawa Sun. September 6, 2004, A5.

Bronskill, Jim. "Task Force to Secure Cyberspace From Attack", The Ottawa Sun. October 10, 2004, A10.

Canadian Center for Management Development (2004). "The New North America: Report on Discussion Among Experts and Public Servants". www.myschoolmonecole.gc.ca/Research/publications/pdfs/nnAme_e.pdf

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (November 2004). "Operational Programs: Security Screening". www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/operat/ss_e.html

"Canadian Security Plan Would Fingerprint Millions", Moncton Times and Transcript, September 6, 2004, B1.

Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (2004). "Organized Crime at Marine Ports, Airports and Land Border Areas." 2004 Annual Report on Organized Crime in Canada. http://www.cisc.gc.ca/AnnualReport2004/Cisc2004/frontpage2004.html

Dartnell, Michael. "International Counter-Terrorism Measures Since 9/11: Trends, Gaps and Challenges", Foreign Affairs Canada. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/internationalcrime/trends_challenges-en.asp

EKOS Research Associates (March 2003). "Canadians' Views Towards Biometrics and Related Document Integrity Issues".

Fife, R. "NAFTA-Plus Talks Aim for Security Pact: Continental Customs, Energy, Immigration Policies on Agenda", National Post. October 16, 2004, A1.

FINTRAC (2004). "Making a Difference: High-quality Financial Intelligence - 2004 FINTRAC Annual Report". http://www.fintrac.gc.ca/publications/annualreport/2004/AR_e.pdf

"Forces' Defences Down: Audit Finds Easy Pickings for Thieves and Terrorists", The Ottawa Sun. August 19, 2004, A3.

Hall, Neal. "Workers With Crime Ties Threaten Airport Security", Vancouver Sun. March 31, 2004, A1.

Harris, Kathleen. "Canada Post Backlog Stinks", The Ottawa Sun. October 19, 2004, 18.

Krauss, Clifford. "Canada Reinforces Its Disputed Claims in the Arctic", New York Times. August 29, 2004, A2.

McIntosh, Andrew. "Canada Fires 5 at Iran Embassy for Ethics Lapses: People Smugglers Target Visa Section Staff, Report Says", The Ottawa Citizen. September 13, 2004, A3.

Murphy, Brenda (June 2004). "Emergency Management and the August 14th, 2003 Blackout", ICLR Research Paper Series No. 40.

O'Brian, Amy. "US Intensifies Canada Watch", Times-Colonist. August 18, 2004, A1.

Office of the Auditor General (2004). "National Security in Canada: The 2001 Anti-terrorism Initiative," from Report of the Office of the Auditor General to the House of Commons 2004, Chapter 3, pp. 34 -39.

Privy Council Office (April 2004). "Securing an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy". www.pcobcp.gc.ca/docs/Publications/NatSecurnat/natsecurnat_e.pdf

Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (2004). "Government of Canada Position Paper on a National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection". http://www.ocipep.gc.ca/critical/nciap/NSCIP_e.pdf

Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (2004). "Selection Criteria to Identify and Rank Critical Infrastructure Assets". http://www.ocipep.gc.ca/critical/nciap/nci_criteria_e.asp

Revkin, Andrew C. "Jockeying for Pole Position", New York Times. October 10, 2004. A4.

Seymour, Andrew. "Homicide Rate Plunges to 30 Year-Low as Fewer Women Killed by Violent Crime: StasCan", Ottawa Sun. September 30, 2004, 7.

"Speaking Notes for The Honourable Bill Graham, P.C., M.P. Minister of National Defence at The Royal Canadian Military Institute Conference", September 22, 2004. http://www.frontline-canada.com/pdfs/MND_speech.pdf

Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence (March 2004). "National Emergencies: Canada's Fragile Front Lines". Volume 2 www.ccep.ca/rep03mar04vol2-e.pdf

Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence (October 2003). "Canada's Coastlines: The Longest Under-Defended Border in the World".

Statistics Canada (2003). "Homicide in Canada, 2003", Juristat, 24, (8).

Strachan, Alex. "Documentary Searches Out Roots of Terrorism", The Ottawa Citizen. September 13, 2004, A9.

"Terror Review on Tap for City: Study Aims to ID Security Gaps", The Ottawa Sun. August 24, 2004, A13.

"There's No Life Like It ... Apparently: Are Canada's Armed Forces Finally Getting Some Respect from Government", Ottawa Life. September 2004, 63.

"Three Years of Living on Alert", New York Times. August 8, 2004, 4.

"Tool to Assist Owners and Operators to Identify Critical Infrastructure Assets". Prepared for Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness. December 19, 2002.

"US Unveils Base to Boost Border Surveillance", The Ottawa Sun. August 21, 2004, 18.

Weber, Bob. "Military Prepares for Arctic Environmental Disaster: Exercises Planned to Rehearse a Response to Industrial, Shipping Accidents in North", Globe and Mail. November 12, 2004, A9.

Science and technology

Internet based service delivery and computerization of services

Accenture (May 3, 2003). "E-government Leadership: High Performance Maximum Value".

Canada Country Report (September 2003). "Building Capacity to Accelerate Service Transformation and e-Government". http://www.ged-gol.gc.ca/pub/ica03/capacitpr_e.asp

Coghlan, Vickie and Daniel Francoeur, (2003). "Reconnecting Government with Youth Survey 2003: E-recruitment and Perceptions of Employment in the Public Service", Research Directorate, Public Service Commission - Not Published.

Government of Canada (December 2003). "Connecting With Canadians: Pursuing Service Transformation; Final Report of the Government On-Line Advisory Panel". http://www.gol-ged.gc.ca/pnl-grp/reports/final/final00_e.asp

Hargittai, Eszter (Winter 2003). "Serving Citizens' Needs : Minimizing Online Hurdles to Accessing Government Information", IT & Society. 1 (3) : 27-41.http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i03/v01i03a03.pdf

Industry Canada (November 2002). "Employees Driving Government Excellence (EDGE): Renewing S&T Human Resources in the Federal Public Service - A Report to the Government of Canada". http://www.ic.gc.ca/cmb/welcomeic.nsf/0/85256a220056c2a485256c870066991f?OpenDocument

Ipsos Reid (June 29, 2004). "More Canadians Than Ever Using the Internet to Look for a Job". http://www.ipsos-na.com/news/pressrelease.cfm?id=2301

Leger Marketing (December 22, 2003). "Government Online: A National Perspective". http://www.legermarketing.com/eng/tencan.asp

McDougall, Brian (April 2001). "Cyber-recruitment: The rise of the E-labour Market and its Implications for the Federal Public Service", Research Directorate, Public Service Commission. http://www.psc-cfp.gc.ca/research/labour-market/e-recruitment_e.htm

Public Service Commission of Canada (September 2001). "PSC Environmental Scan 2001-2002 - The PSC of the Future.... Innovative, Relevant, Dynamic", Internal Working Draft as of September 10, 2001.

Public Works and Government Services Canada. "Government On-Line Public Report 2003". http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/gol/publicReports/index-e.html

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2003). "2003 RCMP Environmental Scan".

Statistics Canada (2003). "Canada's Journey to an Information Society". http://195.218.115.39/pport/pdf/222638315.pdf

Computerization of work and on-line learning and development tools

Conference Board of Canada (April 2, 2003). "Developing a Balanced Scorecard Approach to Measure the Performance of Your E-Learning Initiatives". http://www.conferenceboard.ca/education/reports/pdfs/elearning_presentation.pdf

Corporate Leadership Council (August 2003). "Strategies for Successful E-Learning Programs". http://www.corporateleadershipcouncil.com/delivery/NewDelivery.asp?DocId=69890

Corporate Leadership Council (September 2002). "Learning and Development Technology Strategy". http://www.corporateleadershipcouncil.com/delivery/NewDelivery.asp?DocId=50679

Earl, Louise (March 2004). "Technological Change in the Public Sector, 2000-2002", Statistics Canada. http://www.statcan.ca:8096/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=88F0006X2004008

Goldstyn, Jean-Francois (January 2004 ). "Caterpillar: Building Best Practices in E-Learning".http://www.clomedia.com/content/templates/clo_casestudies.asp?articleid=352&zoneid=9

Nie, Norman and Lutz Erbring (February 17, 2000). "Internet and Society : A Preliminary Report", Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society (SIQSS) of Stanford University. http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/Press_Release/Preliminary_Report.pdf

Public Service Commission of Canada (September 2001). "PSC Environmental Scan 2001-2002 - The PSC of the Future.... Innovative, Relevant, Dynamic", Internal Working Draft as of September 10, 2001.

Statistics Canada. "Workplace and Employee Survey". http://www.statcan.ca/english/sdds/2615.htm

Statistics Canada (2003). "Canada's Journey to an Information Society". http://195.218.115.39/pport/pdf/222638315.pdf

Security, confidentiality and privacy

Canada Country Report (September 2003). "Building Capacity to Accelerate Service Transformation and e-Government". http://www.ged-gol.gc.ca/pub/ica03/capacitpr_e.asp

Leger Marketing (December 22, 2003). "Government Online: A National Perspective". http://www.legermarketing.com/eng/tencan.asp

New Scientist (June 2004). "May Say Peak of Sinister Computer Viruses".

New Scientist (July 2004). "US Privacy Ruling".

New Scientist (May 2004 ). "Power Play".

New Scientist (April 2004). "Corporate Computer Security Menace Rising".

New Scientist (January 2003). "Cleaned Hard Drives Reveal Secrets".

New Scientist (December 2001). "The Weakest Link".

Public Service Commission of Canada (September 2001). "PSC Environmental Scan 2001-2002 - The PSC of the Future.... Innovative, Relevant, Dynamic", Internal Working Draft as of September 10, 2001.

Public Works and Government Services Canada. "Government On-Line Public Report 2003". http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/gol/publicReports/index-e.html

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2003). "2003 RCMP Environmental Scan".

Statistics Canada - The Daily (December 11, 2003). "E-commerce: Household Shopping on the Internet". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/031211/d031211b.htm

Statistics Canada (2003). "Canada's Journey to an Information Society". http://195.218.115.39/pport/pdf/222638315.pdf

Digital divide

Government of Canada (2001). "Achieving Excellence: Investing in People, Knowledge and Opportunity", Canada's Innovation Strategy. http://innovation.gc.ca/gol/innovation/site.nsf/en/in04289.html

Haan Jos De(2003)."IT and Social Inequality in the Netherlands", IT and Society 3 (4) : 27-45.

Lazar, J., K. Bessiere, I. Ceaparu, J. Robinson, and B. Shneiderman (2003). "Help, I'm Lost: User Frustration in Web Navigation". IT & Society, 1 (3) : 18-26.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2003). "2003 RCMP Environmental Scan".

Sciadas, George (2002). "Unveiling the Digital Divide", Statistics Canada. http://www.statcan.ca:8096/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=56F0004M2002007

Statistics Canada (2003). "Canada's Journey to an Information Society". http://195.218.115.39/pport/pdf/222638315.pdf

Statistics Canada - The Daily (June 23, 2003). "Digital Divide in Schools: Student Access to and Use of Computers". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/030623/d030623b.htm

Commitment to research and development

Federal Science and Technology Community (October 1-3, 2002). "Federal Science and Technology Forum - Transforming Federal Science and Technology for the Future: Achieving a Vision for Excellence". http://www.sciencetech.gc.ca/S&T%20FORUM/forumreport_e.shtml

Government of Canada (2001). "Achieving Excellence: Investing in People, Knowledge and Opportunity", Canada's Innovation Strategy. http://innovation.gc.ca/gol/innovation/site.nsf/en/in04289.html

Office of the Prime Minister (October 5, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://www.sft-ddt.gc.ca/

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. "The Science, Technology and Industry (STI) Scoreboard 2003". http://www.oecd.org/document/21/0,2340,en_2649_33703_16683413_1_1_1_1,00.html

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2003). "2003 RCMP Environmental Scan".

Statistics Canada - The Daily (December 11, 2003). "E-commerce: Household Shopping on the Internet". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/031211/d031211b.htm

Statistics Canada - The Daily (July 19, 2004). "Research and Development in the Health Field". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/040719/d040719c.htm

Environment

Impact of long-term environmental issues on Government's business and workforce requirements

Brown, Lester and Brian Halweil (September 23, 1999). "Populations Outrunning Water Supply As World Hits 6 Billion", WorldWatch Institute. http://www.worldwatch.org/press/news/1999/09/23/

Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment, "Climate Change". http://www.cape.ca/climate.html

Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (April 1, 1995). "Implications for Human Health: The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change". http://www.cape.ca/resources/documents/Greenhouse.html

Government of Canada, "Climate Change and Our Health", http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/english/affect/health.asp

Health Canada. "Climate Change and Health Office: Canada's Health Concerns with Climatic Change and Variability". http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hecs-sesc/ccho/health_story_table.htm

McLeman, R, and B. Smit (March 2, 2004). "Climate Change, Migration and Security", Commentary 86: A Canadian Security Intelligence Service Publication. http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/comment/com86_e.html

Commitment of the Government toward preserving the environment and supporting sustainable development

Bueckert, Dennis, "Canada Losing its Reputation as an Environmental Leader, Says Commissioner", The Canadian Press. October 26, 2004, http://www.recorder.ca/cp/National/041026/n102635A.html

Bueckert, Dennis, "Industry-Friendly Ministers, Lack of Direction Thwart Kyoto Plan", 680 News. October 20, 2004, http://www.680news.com/news/national/article.jsp?content=n102023A

Office of the Prime Minister (October 5, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://www.sft-ddt.gc.ca/

Office of the Prime Minister (February 2, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://pm.gc.ca/eng/sft-ddt.asp?id=6

SD Gateway, "Introduction to Sustainable Development". http://sdgateway.net/introsd/definitions.htm

Statistics Canada - The Daily (October 27, 2004). "Human Activity and the Environment: 2004". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/041027/d041027.pdf

Politics and governance

Having a minority Government

CTV, "All Parties Accept throne Speech Amendment". http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/1098103002374_23/?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory

Fraser Institute (September 8, 2004). "Citizens' Assembly-Style Body May Be the Best Model for Senate Reform". http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=nr&id=620

Hébert, Chantal . "PM Must Make Up with the West", Toronto Star. July 2, 2004.

Institute for Research on Public Policy (September 9, 2004). "Quebec and BC Lead the Way in Electoral Reform Initiatives". http://www.irpp.org/newsroom/archive/2004/090904e.pdf

Institute for Research on Public Policy (August 21, 2003). "Elections Canada's Permanent Voters List: Modernizing Initiative is Contributing to Lower Voter Turnout". http://www.irpp.org/newsroom/archive/2003/082103e.pdf

Jack, Ian. "Bay Street Bemoans Prospect of a Minority - 'Nothing Gets Done'", Financial Post. June 25, 2004.

Segal, Hugh (June 2003). "Reflections on Appropriate Governance Structures for Canada's Future", Notes for an Address at the 2003 Apex Symposium. http://www.irpp.org/miscpubs/archive/030604e.pdf

Stewart James. "A Brief History of Minority Rule", Toronto Star. June 29, 2004.

Zussman, David "Scandals Add Urgency to Government Reform", The Ottawa Citizen. February 23, 2004.

Statistical information:

Voter turnout rate for 1988 : http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=pas&document=turnout&lang=e&textonly=false

Voter turnout rate for 2004: www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/elections/federales_2004

Commitment of the Government to public-private partnerships (P3)

Axiom News (April 2, 2004). "McKay Says He Won't Be Patient With Those Who Resist Change - Part Two". http://www.axiomnews.ca/2004/April/April02.htm

Axiom News (April 1, 2004). "Martin's Point Man on P3s Questions Whether Government Should Be 'Largest Landlord in Canada - Part One". http://www.axiomnews.ca/2004/April/April01.htm

CanWest News Service (February 8, 2004). "The Federal Government's Top Public Servants Are Preparing the Groundwork for a Strong Push Toward Privatization of Federal Activities". http://www.polarisinstitute.org/polaris_project/public_service/news/news_2004/feb_8_2004.html

Industry Canada, The Public-Private Partnership (P3) Office. http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/

Society for Human Resource Management (June 2004). "SHRM 2004-05 Workplace Forecast: A Strategic Outlook". http://www.shrm.org/trends/default.asp

Zeller, Shawn (August 11, 2004). "Study Shows Human Resources Outsourcing on the Rise", GovExec.com. http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0804/081104sz1.htm

Closer economic, security and military alignment of Canada and the United States

Communication Canada (Winter 2003). "Listening to Canadians on the Canadian-American Relationship", Communications Survey. http://www.communication.gc.ca/survey_sondage/14-15/can-am/can-am_e.pdf

Compass (April 12, 2004). "Canada-US Relations". http://www.bdo.ca/en/library/polls/ceopoll/0412.pdf

Dobson, Wendy (April 2002). "Shaping the Future of the North American Economic Space". http://www.cdhowe.org/pdf/commentary_162.pdf

George, Richard and Thomas d'Aquino (December 2003). "Memo to the Prime Minister: Building our Country, and Shaping Canada's Role in the World", Policy Options, http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/dec03/george.pdf

Ipsos Reid (March 14, 2004). "Canadians Views on the Anniversary of the 2003 Iraq War". http://www.ipsos-na.com/news/pressrelease.cfm?id=2083

Ipsos Reid (October 15, 2003). "Canadians and Americans Reflect on Cross-Border Business in a Post 9/11 World". http://www.ipsosna.com/news/pressrelease.cfm?id=1939

Ipsos Reid (June 8, 2003). "Seven in Ten Support Canada's Involvement in North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)". http://www.ipsosna.com/news/pressrelease.cfm?id=1839

Leger Marketing (February 2004). "Canada-US Relations". http://www.legermarketing.com/documents/spclm/040315Eng.pdf

Martin, Paul (November 15, 2003). "Making History: The Politics of Achievement". http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes/pdfplatforms/politics-of-achievement_e.pdf

Phillips, Todd, "Slow US Job Recovery is Fuelling Protectionism". http://www.advancedmanufacturing.com/MarApr04/editorsnote.htm

Policy Options (June-July 2004). "Issue on North American Integration". http://www.irpp.org/po/

Policy Research Initiative (June 2004), Horizons issue on North American Linkages, 7 (1). http://policyresearch.gc.ca/page.asp?pagenm=v7n1_index

Public service workforce

An ageing public service drawing closer to retirement

Hayes, Brigid (June 2004). "What Public Polices for Citizenship at Work?", Canadian Labour and Business Centre. http://www.clbc.ca/files/Presentations/Research_on_Globalization_and_Work1.pdf

Society for Human Resource Management, "SHRM 2004-05 Workplace Forecast: A Strategic Outlook". http://www.shrm.org/trends/default.asp

Treasury Board Secretariat, "Annual Report to Parliament: Employment Equity in the Federal Public Service (2002-2003)". http://www.tbs sct.gc.ca/report/empequi/2003/ee00_e.asp

Statistical information:

All figures on Public Service workforce were extracted from Incumbent files as of the last pay period of March 2001 and 2004.

All figures on appointments and staffing activities were extracted from Public Service Commission's databases, http://extranet2.psc-cfp.gc.ca/statistics/index.jsp

All figures on departures from the Public Service were extracted from Mobility files corresponding to fiscal years 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04.

Increasing employment equity expectations

Statistics Canada (Spring 2004). "Profile of Disability in 2001", Canadian Social Trends.

Treasury Board Secretariat, "Annual Report to Parliament: Employment Equity in the Federal Public Service (2002-2003)". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/report/empequi/2003/ee00-eng.asp

Increased use of term employment as a point of entry into a Public service career

Auditor General of Canada, "2001 Report of the Auditor General of Canada". http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/domino/reports.nsf/html/0102ce.html#ch2hd4c

Public Service Commission (February 2002). "The Road Ahead: Recruitment and Retention Challenges for the Public Service". http://www.psc-cfp.gc.ca/centres/reports-rapports/ra-vf/index_e.htm

Statistical information:

All figures on appointments and staffing activities were extracted from Public Service Commission's databases, http://extranet2.psc-cfp.gc.ca/statistics/index.jsp

Renewal of official languages program

Office of the commissioner of official languages (March 2004). "Walking the Talk: Language of work in the Federal public service". http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/archives/sst_es/2004/work_travail/work_travail_2004_e.htm

Public Service Human Resources Management Agency (August 2002). "Attitudes Towards The Use of Both Official Languages Within the Public Service of Canada".

Public Service Commission. "Annual Report 2003-04". http://www.psc-cfp.gc.ca/centres/annual-annuel/2004/index_e.htm

Public Service Commission (April 23, 2003). "Official Languages and Employment Equity", Presentation to EAG.

Treasury Board Secretariat. "Directive on Language Training and Learning Retention". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/archives/hrpubs/ol-lo/dltlr-dflma-eng.asp

Treasury Board Secretariat. "Directive on the Staffing of Bilingual Positions". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=12525

Treasury Board Secretariat. "Public Service-wide Employee Survey - 2002". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pses-saff/2008/index-eng.asp

Statistical information:

All figures on Public Service workforce were extracted from Incumbent files as of the last pay period of March 2001 and 2004.

All figures on appointments and staffing activities were extracted from Public Service Commission's databases. http://extranet2.psc-cfp.gc.ca/statistics/index.jsp

The proportion of designated group members by first official language was derived from the March 2004 Incumbent file as well as from the March 2004 Employment Equity Data Bank managed by the Public Service Human Resources Management Agency of Canada.

More demand for alternative working arrangements

Society for Human Resource Management. "SHRM 2004-05 Workplace Forecast: A Strategic Outlook". http://www.shrm.org/trends/default.asp

Statistics Canada - The Daily (September 28, 2004). "The Sandwich Generation". http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/040928/d040928b.htm

Survey Follow-up Action Advisory Committee (September 2003). "Report of the Survey Follow-up Action Advisory Committee: Maintaining Momentum - 2002 Public Service-Wide Employee Survey Findings". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pses-saff/2008/index-eng.asp

Treasury Board Secretariat, "Leave Without Pay Chart". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/hr-rh/sbl-ltas/chart/cselc-eng.asp

Treasury Board Secretariat, "Towards an Exemplary Workplace".

Treasury Board Secretariat, "Your Pension Plan". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pubs_pol/hrpubs/pensions/ypp-eng.asp

Statistical information:

Figures on the use of leave without pay were extracted from the Leave Without Pay file for fiscal year 2003-04.

Figures on the use of leave without pay by designated group members were obtained by combining information extracted from the Leave Without Pay file for fiscal year 2003-04 with the Employment Equity Data Bank as of March 2004.

Figures on the proportion of the workforce taking advantage of flexible working arrangements were extracted from the Incumbent file as of the last pay period of March 2004.

A human resources community faced with multiple challenges

Human Resources Community Secretariat, "The Traditional HRM Model No Longer Works: A New Model is Needed". http://hrcs.gc.ca/htmlgen.asp?lang=e&ref_id=14505&sub_id=2559

Human Resources Community Secretariat (January 2004). "Trends in Retirement Projections". http://hrcs.gc.ca/docassets/RapportTendances(E).pdf

Human Resources Community Secretariat (December 2003). "The 2002 Public Service Employee Survey: Results for the HR Community". http://hrcs.gc.ca/docassets/PSESenglish_revised.pdf

Society for Human Resource Management, "SHRM 2004-05 Workplace Forecast: A Strategic Outlook". http://www.shrm.org/trends/default.asp

Business and human resources management goals of the Government

Positioning Canada in the 21st century global economy

Conference Board of Canada (August 2004). "Insights You Can Count On - Hot HR Issues for the Next Two Years".

Office of the Prime Minister (October 5, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://www.sft-ddt.gc.ca/

Office of the Prime Minister (February 2, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://pm.gc.ca/eng/sft-ddt.asp?id=6

Office of the Prime Minister (September 30, 2002). Speech from the throne.

Office of the Prime Minister (January 30, 2001). Speech from the throne.

Office of the Prime Minister (October 12, 1999). Speech from the throne.

Privy Council Office (2004) . "Eleventh Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=report

Privy Council Office (2003). "Tenth Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=Publications&doc=10rept2003/Report_e.htm

Privy Council Office (2002). "Ninth Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=Publications&doc=9rept2002/9rept2002Report_e.htm

Privy Council Office (2001). "Eighth Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Page=Publications&Language=E&doc=8rept2001/8rept2001_e.htm

Improving the mechanics of the Public service

Conference Board of Canada (August 2004). "Insights You Can Count On - Hot HR Issues for the Next Two Years".

Office of the Prime Minister (October 5, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://www.sft-ddt.gc.ca/

Office of the Prime Minister (February 2, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://pm.gc.ca/eng/sft-ddt.asp?id=6

Office of the Prime Minister (September 30, 2002). Speech from the throne.

Office of the Prime Minister (January 30, 2001). Speech from the throne.

Office of the Prime Minister (October 12, 1999). Speech from the throne.

Privy Council Office. "Guidance for Deputy Ministers". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Page=Publications&Language=E&doc=gdm-gsm/gdm-gsm_doc_e.htm

Privy Council Office (2004) . "Eleventh Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=report

Privy Council Office (2003). "Tenth Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=Publications&doc=10rept2003/Report_e.htm

Treasury Board of Canada (2003). "Management Accountability Framework". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/maf-crg/index-eng.asp

Treasury Board of Canada (2003). "Management Accountability Framework - Face-to-Face". http://intranet/infosite/corp_tbs-sct/face/past/events/20031015/index_e.asp

Treasury Board of Canada (2003). "Management Accountability Framework - Frequently Asked Questions". http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/maf-crg/faq-eng.asp

Modernizing an outdated human resources management framework

Department of Justice Canada. "Public Service Modernization Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/p-33.4/

Privy Council Office (March 2004). "Eleventh Annual Report to the Prime Minister on the Public Service of Canada". http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=Report&doc=annual-report_e.htm

Canada Public Service Agency. "Public Service Modernization Act".

Accountability, trust and financial management

"Billions in Cuts Target Federal Operations: Liberals to Seek Savings in Bureaucracy Rather Than Politically Risky Program Cuts", The Ottawa Citizen. October 4, 2004.

Department of Finance Canada (March 23, 2004). "The Budget Speech 2004". http://www.fin.gc.ca/budget04/pdf/speeche.pdf

Department of Finance Canada (February 18, 2003). "The Budget Speech 2003". http://www.fin.gc.ca/budtoce/2003/budliste.htm

Department of Finance Canada (June 19, 2002). "The Budget Speech 2002". http://www.fin.gc.ca/news02/02-054e.html

Department of Finance Canada (December 10, 2001). "The Budget Speech 2001". http://www.fin.gc.ca/toce/2001/budlist01_e.htm

Office of the Prime Minister (October 5, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://www.sft-ddt.gc.ca/

Supporting Government's commitments

"Billions in Cuts Target Federal Operations: Liberals to Seek Savings in Bureaucracy Rather Than Politically Risky Program Cuts", The Ottawa Citizen. October 4, 2004.

Department of Finance Canada (March 23, 2004). "The Budget Speech 2004". http://www.fin.gc.ca/budget04/pdf/speeche.pdf

Department of Finance Canada (February 18, 2003). "The Budget Speech 2003". http://www.fin.gc.ca/budtoce/2003/budliste.htm

Department of Finance Canada (June 19, 2002). "The Budget Speech 2002".

http://www.fin.gc.ca/news02/02-054e.html

Department of Finance Canada (December 10, 2001). "The Budget Speech 2001". http://www.fin.gc.ca/toce/2001/budlist01_e.htm

Office of the Prime Minister (October 5, 2004). Speech from the throne. http://www.sft-ddt.gc.ca

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